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Anatomy > Overview Anatomy of the Thorax > Flashcards

Overview Anatomy of the Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of sternum

A

Manubrium
Body of sternum
Xiphisternum

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2
Q

What separates the manubrium and body of sternum

A

sternal angle

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3
Q

What level is the sternal angle

A

rib 2

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4
Q

What would you feel superior of the manubrium?

A

jugular/suprasternal notch

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5
Q

Costal margin

A

ribs 7-10, bottom edge of ribcage

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6
Q

Subcostal angle

A

cartilage of ribs 7-10

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7
Q

Planes of chest wall

A

suprasternal plane
plane of sternal angle
xiphisternal plane

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8
Q

Level of suprasternal plane

A

suprasternal notch anteriorly

T2 posteriorly

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9
Q

Level of plane of sternal angle

A

sternal angle anteriorly

T4,5 posteriorly

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10
Q

Level of xiphisternal plane

A

xiphisternum anteriorly

T9 posteriorly

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11
Q

Lines of the chest wall

A

midaxillary line: armpit
midsternal line: sternum
midclavicular line: clavicle

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12
Q

Types of intercostal muscles

A

external, internal, innermost

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13
Q

Importance of intercostal muscles

A

respiration, keeping intercostal space rigid

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14
Q

Direction of internal and external icms

A

external - hands in pockets

internal - hands on bbobs

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15
Q

Location of icms in relation to each other

A

external, internal, intercostal nerves arteries and veins adn collateral bundle, innermost

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16
Q

What surrounds each lung?

A

serous pleural sac

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17
Q

Structure of serous pleural sac

A

visceral pleura

parietal pleura

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18
Q

Visceral pleura

A

lines the lungs, shiny, very thin, can’t remove when dissecting
continuous with each other

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19
Q

Parietal pleura

A

lines pulmonary cavity (ribcage), on outside, continuous with each other

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20
Q

What is in pleural cavity?

A

fluid - against friction, so no pain

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21
Q

Aperatures of thorax

A

superior thoracic aperature

inferior thoracic aperature

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22
Q

Superior thoracic aperature

A

opening for structures to enter/leave the neck/thorax
T1, rib 1, suprasternal notch
narrower than inferior

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23
Q

Inferior thoracic aperature

A

opening at lower part of thoracic cavity (closed by diaphragm)
T12, costal cartilage of ribs 7-10. xiphisternum

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24
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

compression of arteries and nerves against clavicle and 1st rib
most common: brachial plexus

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25
Q

True ribs

A

1-7 attach directly to sternum

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26
Q

False ribs

A

8-10 attach to sternum via 7th costal cartilage

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27
Q

Typical ribs

A

3-9

head, neck, body, superior and inferior facet, tubercle, angle, costal groove

28
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

29
Q

Superior facet

A

articulates with vertebrae above

30
Q

Inferior facet

A

articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae

31
Q

Costal groove

A

for intercostal vein, artery and nerve

32
Q

1st rib structure

A

one facet on head, tubercle, scalene tubercle, 2 grooves

33
Q

Scalene tubercle

A

on 1st rib

scalanus anterior attaches

34
Q

Grooves of 1st rib

A
  1. subclavian artery groove

2. subclavian vein groove

35
Q

Types of vertebrae

A

cervical
thoracic
lunbar
sacral

36
Q

Thoracic vertebrae structure

A

vertebral body, lamina, pedicle, spinal, transverse and articulatory process, articular facet

37
Q

Lamina

A

flat roof of vertebral arch

connect with the pedicles to surround and protect the spinal cord

38
Q

Pedicle

A

connects lamina to vertebral body

39
Q

Spinous process

A

bony projection off posterior vertebrae, where lamina joins

provides the point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine

40
Q

Transverse process

A

right and left attachments for muscles and ligaments

articulation for ribs

41
Q

Articulatory process

A

superior and inferior projections of vertebra, fit with adjacent vertebrae

42
Q

Facet

A

point of contact

eg. on transverse process for tubercle of rib

43
Q

Pectoral muscles

A

pectoralis major and minor

44
Q

Parts of pectoralis major

A

clavicular and sternocostal head

45
Q

Attachments of pec major

A

clavicular head: medial half of clavicle
sternocostal head: sternum + upper 6 costal cartilages
intertubercular groove of humerus

46
Q

Actions of pec major

A

adductor (bring arm down)
medial rotator (arm towards midline)
flexor (if arm extended) vice versa
accesory muscle of respiration if pectoral girdle is fixed

47
Q

Nerve supply of pec major

A

clavicular head : lateral pec nerves (C4-7)

sternocostal head: medial pec nerves (C8, T1)

48
Q

Attachments of pec minor

A

coracoid process of scapula

ribs 3-5 near the cartilages

49
Q

Actions of pec minor

A

depressor of scapula (+ therefore shoulder)
protractor of scapula (shoulder forward)
accesory muscle of respiration if pectoral girdle is fixed

50
Q

Nerve supply of pec minor

A

medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

51
Q

Articulation of breast

A

base extends from rib 2-6
from lateral margin of sternum to midaxillary line
axillary tail runs superiorly and laterally towards axilla

52
Q

What is the breast?

A

modified sebaceous gland

53
Q

Structure of breast

A

15-20 lobes sending lactiferous ducts to the nipple

lobes: glands and adipose tissue separated by fibrous septa

54
Q

Location of breast

A

sits on retromammary space which separates breast from deeper pec muscles

55
Q

Clinical importance of lymphatic drainage of the breast

A

frequency of breast cancer and its spread into other parts of the body by lymph and blood vessels
need to examine many regions eg. arm

56
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

central part of thoracic cavity that lies between the pleural cavities

57
Q

Boundaries of mediastinum

A

anterior: sternum
posterior: thoracic vertebrae column
superior: thoracic inlet and root of neck
inferior: diaphragm

58
Q

Sections of mediastinum

A

superior
inferior
separated by plane of sternal angle (manubriosternal joint to T4/5)

59
Q

Superior mediastinum contents

A 
thymus (lymphoid organ, lump of fat)
SVC + brachiocephalic vein
phrenic nerves
arch of aorta and branches
origins of internal thoracic arteries
pulmonary a and v
vagus n
recurrent laryngeal branches
trachea
oesophagus
thoracic duct
60
Q

Inferior mediastinum regions

A

anterior, middle, posterior

61
Q

Contents of anterior inferior mediastinum

A

internal thoracic a and v
anterior intercostal branches
thymus poss
sternopericardial ligaments

62
Q

Contents of middle inferior mediastinum

A

heart and pericardium
phrenic nerve
pericardiophrenic a and v
IVC

63
Q

Contents of posterior inferior mediastinum

A 
descending aorta
azygous v
oesophagus
thoracic duct
sympathetic trunks
64
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

C3-5, passes through superior thoracic aperature, superior and middle inferior mediastinum
innervates diaphragm

65
Q

Floating ribs

A

11-12 do not attach to sternum

Anatomy (9 decks)

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