Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Development of Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Development of Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the stages of heart development

A 
Linear heart tube formation
Formation of the cardiac loop
Heart septation
Cavitation of ventricle, formation of valves and great vessels
4 chambered heart, not fully mature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe linear heart tube formation

A

Around day 22
Need picture
1st aortic arch, truncus arteriosus, conus cordis, bulbus cordis, ventricle, atrium, L/R sinus venosus horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes the outflow tract/region?

A

Truncus arteriosus
Conus cordis
Bulbus cordis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus develop into?

A

Most of proximal aorta and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What will the bulbus cordis develop into?

A

Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What will the ventricular region develop into?

A

Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What will the left sinus venosus horn develop into?

A

Coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What will the right sinus venosus horn develop into?

A

Smooth wall of RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is another name for sinus venosus?

A

Inflow region/tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the cardiac loop form?

A

Ventricles and bulbus cordis of the heart grow faster than other regions, therefore the heart bends in the rightward direction
Leads to atrium and sinus venosus to move cranially and dorsally (initially caudal to ventricle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Around what day is looping complete?

A

28th day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the endocardial cushions and describe where they are

A
  1. Atrioventricular cushions - AV canal
  2. Truncates cushions/ridges - top of OFT
  3. Canal cushions/ridges - below
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are endocardial cushions?

A

Extracellular matrix proteins

Localised swellings in the OFT and AV canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the cushions?

A

Swell more as heart grows
‘Activated’ cells migrate into endocardial cushions
Cellularises with mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are cushions essential?

A

Cardiac valve formation and sepation of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does septation of the primordial atrium occur?

A

4-6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs in the first step of septation of the primordial atrium?

A

Septum primum lengthens
Perforations form
Gap is called foramen primum

18
Q

What occurs in the second part of the septation of the primordial atrium?

A

Foramen secundum formed
Foramen primum closed
Septum secundum initiated

19
Q

What occurs in the third part of the septation of the primordial atrium?

A

Valve of foramen ovale forms from septum primum (foramen ovale)
Septum primum degenerating

20
Q

What occurs in the fourth part of the septation of the primordial atrium?

A

Foramen ovale closed by valve of foramen ovale

21
Q

When does septation of the primitive ventricle occur?

A

5-20 weeks

22
Q

Septation of the primitive ventricle

A

Interventricular septum grow up, closing the interventricular foramen
Made of thin membranous part of interventricular septum

23
Q

Cavitation of the ventricle

A

Papillary muscles, chordae tendineae - attach wall of ventricles to the valves

24
Q

Where are the mitral and tricuspid valves derived from?

A

Endocardial cushions

Takes weeks to develop - undergo modelling

25
Q

Which vessels are derived from the outflow region?

A

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

26
Q

Formation of aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Truncal and bulbar ridges are continuous, but positioning means they are spiralling round the outflow region of the heart

P
A separated by aortico-pulmonary septum

A P

A
P

Pulmonary trunk twists around ascending aorta

27
Q

Development of semi-lunar valves (aortic and pulmonary valves)

A

When division of truncus arteriosus is nearly complete
Swellings begin to form near entrances
From endocardial cushions

28
Q

Formation of SVC and IVC

A

Derived from primordial veins

Series of changes and remodelling and incorporation

29
Q

Development of pulmonary veins

A

Most of the smooth wall of the LA is derived from primordial pulmonary vein and branches
As atrium expands, more of the PPV is incorporated until 4 veins present

30
Q

What occurs in the heart at birth?

A

3 shunts close
Lungs expand - reduced resistance to blood flow
Pressure in RA < LA
Blood stops flowing through foramen ovale

31
Q

How does the foramen ovale close?

A

After first breath:
RA has lower pressure than left, which closes the valve
The fossa ovalis fuses over it (thin area of septum)

32
Q

What is the second shunt that closes postnatally?

A

Ductus arteriosus constructs

Leads to closure and ligamentum arteriosum forms

33
Q

What is the third shunt that shuts postnatally?

A

Ductus venosus constricts

Leads to closure and ligamentum venosum in liver forms

34
Q

When do lateral endocardial tubes form?

A

19 days

35
Q

When is a primitive 4-chambered heart formed?

A

7 weeks

36
Q

What are congenital heart defects usually caused by?

A

Single gene defect
Chromosomal anomaly
Exposure to teratogens

37
Q

Examples of congenital heart disease

A

Atrial Septal Defects
Ventricular Septal Defects
Patent Ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of fallout

38
Q

Describe ASD

A

Atrial Septal defects
Common - 6.4/10,000 births
Ore common in females
Most clinically significant: ostium secundum ASD

39
Q

Pathophysiology of ASD

A

Enlarged RA, RV and PA

Considerable intracardiac shunting may occur

40
Q

Describe VSD

A

Ventricular Septal Defects
Most common
More common in males
Usually involves membranous part of interventricular septum fails to develop normally

41
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

combination of four congenital abnormalities:

VSD, pulmonary valve stenosis, a misplaced aorta and a thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy)

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions