Nasal Cavity, Air Sinuses and Respiratory Tract

Question 1

What are the right and left nasal cavities separated by?

Answer 1

Nasal septum

Question 2

What makes up the roof of the nasal cavities?

Answer 2

cribriform plate which is very narrow

Question 3

What makes up with medial wall of the nasal cavities?

Answer 3

Septum - smooth and featureless like the floor

Question 4

What is the lateral wall of the nasal cavities formed by?

Answer 4

Maxilla, ethmoid bone, perpendicular part of the palatine bone
Further back where the nasal cavity becomes the nasopharynx - medial pterygoid plate

Question 5

What features can you find on the lateral wall?

Answer 5

Conchae: 3 bony projections, inferior, middle and superior

Separate the air passage into the inferior, middle and superior meatus

Question 6

What is the nasal septum made up of ?

Answer 6

Ethmoid bone, perpendicular plate, vomer

Lowest part: maxilla and palatine bone

Question 7

Where is the hard and soft palate?

Answer 7

Roof of mouth, floor of nasal cavity

Soft palate behind hard palate

Question 8

Name the paranasal air sinuses and describe the location of each

Answer 8

Maxillary sinuses - under the eyes
Frontal sinuses - above the eyes
Ethmoidal sinuses - between the eyes
Sphenoidal sinuses - behind the eyes

Question 9

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 9

Four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity

Question 10

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain into?

Answer 10

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 11

Where do the Maxillary sinuses drain into?

Answer 11

middle meatus

Question 12

Where do the frontal sinuses drain into?

Answer 12

middle meatus

Question 13

Where do the ethmoidal sinuses drain into?

Answer 13

superior meatus

Question 14

Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess?

Answer 14

superior to the superior meatus

Question 15

What innervates the larynx?

Answer 15

branches of the vagus nerve:

superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle which is the only tensor muscle of the larynx

Question 16

How are structures arranged at the hilum of the right lung?

Answer 16

bronchi opening superior and medial, actually posterior
pulmonary arteries superior
veins anterior amd inferior

Question 17

How are structures arranged at the hilum of the left lung?

Answer 17

pulmonary artery superior
left main bronchus medial and posterior
veins inferior and anterior

Question 18

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

Answer 18

portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and arteries
veins and lymphatic vessels drain along the edges of the segment

Question 19

Role of the vagus nerve

Answer 19

inflammatory response

parasympathetic innervation of the muscles of larynx and pharynx

Question 20

Position of the vagus nerve

Answer 20

left and right vagus nerves

run either side of the neck, posterior and between the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery

Question 21

Impressions found on the right lung

Answer 21

small cardiac impression - anterior
groove for oesophagus - posterior
arch of azygous vein - middle above hilum
superior vena cava - anterior to hilum
maybe: right subclavian artery

Question 22

Impressions found on the left lung

Answer 22

deep cardiac impression - anterior
arch of aorta - superior to hilum
descending aorta - posterior to hilum
maybe:
oesophagus
left subclavian artery - anterior to apex

Question 23

Palatine bone

Answer 23

between maxilla and sphenoid bone, L-shaped

Question 24

Hyoid bone

Answer 24

horeshoe-shaped bone in anterior midline of neck between chin and thyroid cartilage (C3, mandible)

Question 25

Conchae

Answer 25

divide nasal airway into 4 groove-like air passages

force inhaled air into steady pattern to increase SA of nasal mucosa

Question 26

Cartilage of the larynx

Answer 26

position: C3-6
three single - epiglottic, thyroid, cricoid (full ring at C6)
three paired - arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Question 27

Muscles of the larynx

Answer 27

extrinsic - move larynx as a whole, up and down for swallowing
intrinsic - individual cartilage move, recurrent laryngeal innervates apart from cricothyroid

Question 28

Cricothyroid muscle

Answer 28

stretches and tenses the vocal ligaments

innervated by external laryngeal nerve, which is a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 29

Internal laryngeal nerve role

Answer 29

above the vocal folds

sensory innervation of the larynx

Question 30

What are the nasal branches of the maxillary artery?

Answer 30

third division
posterior lateral nasal artery supplies the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
posterior septal branches supply the nasal septum