Nasal Cavity, Air Sinuses and Respiratory Tract Flashcards
What are the right and left nasal cavities separated by?
Nasal septum
What makes up the roof of the nasal cavities?
cribriform plate which is very narrow
What makes up with medial wall of the nasal cavities?
Septum - smooth and featureless like the floor
What is the lateral wall of the nasal cavities formed by?
Maxilla, ethmoid bone, perpendicular part of the palatine bone
Further back where the nasal cavity becomes the nasopharynx - medial pterygoid plate
What features can you find on the lateral wall?
Conchae: 3 bony projections, inferior, middle and superior
Separate the air passage into the inferior, middle and superior meatus
What is the nasal septum made up of ?
Ethmoid bone, perpendicular plate, vomer
Lowest part: maxilla and palatine bone
Where is the hard and soft palate?
Roof of mouth, floor of nasal cavity
Soft palate behind hard palate
Name the paranasal air sinuses and describe the location of each
Maxillary sinuses - under the eyes
Frontal sinuses - above the eyes
Ethmoidal sinuses - between the eyes
Sphenoidal sinuses - behind the eyes
What are paranasal sinuses?
Four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity
Where does the sphenoid sinus drain into?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Where do the Maxillary sinuses drain into?
middle meatus
Where do the frontal sinuses drain into?
middle meatus
Where do the ethmoidal sinuses drain into?
superior meatus
Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess?
superior to the superior meatus
What innervates the larynx?
branches of the vagus nerve:
superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle which is the only tensor muscle of the larynx
How are structures arranged at the hilum of the right lung?
bronchi opening superior and medial, actually posterior
pulmonary arteries superior
veins anterior amd inferior
How are structures arranged at the hilum of the left lung?
pulmonary artery superior
left main bronchus medial and posterior
veins inferior and anterior
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and arteries
veins and lymphatic vessels drain along the edges of the segment
Role of the vagus nerve
inflammatory response
parasympathetic innervation of the muscles of larynx and pharynx
Position of the vagus nerve
left and right vagus nerves
run either side of the neck, posterior and between the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery
Impressions found on the right lung
small cardiac impression - anterior groove for oesophagus - posterior arch of azygous vein - middle above hilum superior vena cava - anterior to hilum maybe: right subclavian artery
Impressions found on the left lung
deep cardiac impression - anterior arch of aorta - superior to hilum descending aorta - posterior to hilum maybe: oesophagus left subclavian artery - anterior to apex
Palatine bone
between maxilla and sphenoid bone, L-shaped
Hyoid bone
horeshoe-shaped bone in anterior midline of neck between chin and thyroid cartilage (C3, mandible)
Conchae
divide nasal airway into 4 groove-like air passages
force inhaled air into steady pattern to increase SA of nasal mucosa
Cartilage of the larynx
position: C3-6
three single - epiglottic, thyroid, cricoid (full ring at C6)
three paired - arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
Muscles of the larynx
extrinsic - move larynx as a whole, up and down for swallowing
intrinsic - individual cartilage move, recurrent laryngeal innervates apart from cricothyroid
Cricothyroid muscle
stretches and tenses the vocal ligaments
innervated by external laryngeal nerve, which is a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Internal laryngeal nerve role
above the vocal folds
sensory innervation of the larynx
What are the nasal branches of the maxillary artery?
third division
posterior lateral nasal artery supplies the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
posterior septal branches supply the nasal septum
