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PHARM > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

the scientific study of the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and use of drugs

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

is essential to providing safe and accurate medication administration to your patients.

A

Pharmacology

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3
Q

the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs by the body

A

Pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

the biochemical and physical effects of drugs and the mechanisms of drug actions

A

Pharmacodynamics

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5
Q

the use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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6
Q

deals with natural drugs & their constituents, as well as sources, procurement & chemistry of natural products

A

Pharmacognosy

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7
Q

is a scientific name that precisely describes the drug’s atomic and molecular structure.

A

chemical name

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8
Q

an abbreviation of the chemical name

A

generic, or nonproprietary name

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9
Q

selected by the drug company selling the product

A

trade name

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10
Q

______ names are protected by copyright.

A

Trade

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11
Q

groups drugs by their shared characteristics.

A

pharmacologic class

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12
Q

groups drugs by their therapeutic use

A

therapeutic class

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13
Q

In ________, the federal government mandated the use of official names so that only one official name would represent each drug.

A

1962

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14
Q

The official names are listed in the ________ and ___________

A

United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary

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15
Q

an example of a pharmacologic class.

A

Beta-adrenergic blocker

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16
Q

an example of a therapeutic class

A

Antihypertensive

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17
Q

Plants: active principles

A
  1. Alkaloids
  2. Glycosides
  3. Volatile Oil
  4. Resins
  5. Gums
  6. Tannins
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18
Q

are a diverse group of bitter-tasting, organic, basic substances plants

A
  1. Alkaloids
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19
Q

Generally given names that end in “ine”

A

Alkaloids

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20
Q

Examples of Alkaloids

A

Morphine
Cocaine
Atropine
Quinine
Nicotine
Caffeine

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21
Q

compounds that consist of sugar units, usually glucose, & aglycone

A

Glycosides

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22
Q

A nonsugar component

A

Aglycone

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23
Q

Examples of glycosides

A

• Digitalis —> digoxin
• glycogen

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24
Q

may be used as aromatics & as flavoring agents like peppermint, menthol, and cinnamon

A

Volatile oil

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25
Q

an example of volatile oil used as antiseptic & for rubs (like vicks vaporub)

A

wintergreen oil

26
Q

are complex substances of plant origin that are amorphous in structure

A

Resins

27
Q

insoluble in water but mostly soluble in alcohol

A

Resins

28
Q

a type of resin used as laxative

A

Podophyllum (mandrake)

29
Q

a type of resin astringent used in Hemorrhoidal prep

A

vian balsam

30
Q

these are translucent, amorphous, hydrocolloidal masses

A

Gums

31
Q

Examples of gums used as bulk laxatives

A

karaya
agar
carrageenan

32
Q

used as antiseptic & astringent for bed sores, to stop bleeding, treat rashes and alleviate other conditions of soreness

A

Tannic acid

33
Q

Tannin’s presence in many herbal teas as well as ordinary tea has been linked to occurrence of ________

A

esophageal cancer

34
Q

Animals

A
  • Liver
  • thyroid
  • insulin
  • cortisone
35
Q

4 sources of mineral products

A
  1. Elementary substances
  2. Free acids
  3. Metallic hydroxide
  4. Salts
36
Q

Elementary substances

A

a) oxygen
b) iodine
c) iron

37
Q

Free acids

A

a) Boric acid
b) Hydrochloric Acid

38
Q

Metallic hydroxide

A

A) aluminum hydroxide
B. Aluminum magnesium (kremil s)

39
Q

Salts

A

A) magnesium sulfate
B) magnesium trisilicate

40
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A
  • Epsom salt
  • as a cathartic
41
Q

Magnesium trisilicate

A

Gastric antacid

42
Q

derived by chemical modification of natural substances

A

Semi-synthetic

43
Q

a new method of drug production based on recombinant DNA technology

A

Genetic engineering

44
Q

made in the laboratory and mainly composed of pure chemicals

A

Synthetic drugs

45
Q

branch of the pharmaceutical science most directly concerned with the synthesis of new drug substances

A

Medicinal chemistry

46
Q

Examples of synthetic drugs

A

hematropine
barbiturates
sulphonamides

47
Q

the most active component in plants

A

Alkaloids

48
Q

react with acids to form a salt that’s able to dissolve more readily in body fluids

A

Alkaloids

49
Q

are naturally occurring active components that are found in plants and have both beneficial and toxic effects

A

Glycosides

50
Q

They usually have names that end in “-in,” such as digoxin

A

Glycosides

51
Q

give products the ability to attract and hold water

A

Gums

52
Q

Example of gums

A

Seaweed extractions
Seeds with starch

53
Q

the chief source is pine tree sap, commonly act as local irritants or as laxatives and caustic agents

A

Resins

54
Q

thick and sometimes greasy liquids, are classified as volatile or fixed.

A

Oils

55
Q

Examples of volatile oils, which readily evaporate, include ________, _______, and _________.

A

peppermint, spearmint, and juniper

56
Q

oils which aren’t easily evaporated, include castor oil and olive oil

A

Fixed oils

57
Q

The drugs obtained from animal sources include:

A

• hormones, such as insulin
• oils and fats (usually fixed), such as cod-liver oil
• enzymes, which are produced by living cells and act as catalysts, such as pancreatin and pepsin
• vaccines, which are suspensions of killed, modified, or attenuated microorganisms

58
Q

provide various inorganic materials not available from plants or animals.

A

Metallic and nonmetallic minerals

59
Q

are used as they occur in nature or they’re combined with other ingredients.

A

Mineral sources

60
Q

Examples of drugs that contain minerals are

A

Iron, iodine, and Epsom salts

61
Q

Laboratory processed drugs include

A

thyroid hormone (from natural sources)
cimetidine (from synthetic sources)

62
Q

process of the reordering of genetic information enables scientists to develop bacteria that produce insulin for humans

A

Genetic Engineering

PHARM (8 decks)

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