anti-infectives 1 Flashcards

1
Q

refers to substances or agents that are effective in killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria

A

Antibacterial

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2
Q

Antibacterial agents are substances that target bacteria, aiming to disrupt their

A

cellular processes and prevent their growth or survival

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3
Q

refers to any substance or condition that has the ability to kill bacteria

A

Bactericidal

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4
Q

refers to a substance or condition that inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria without necessarily killing them

A

Bacteriostatic

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5
Q

Antibacterial Drugs

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Macrolides
  4. Aminoglycosides
  5. Fluoroquinolones
  6. Carbapenems
  7. Tetracycline
  8. Miscellaneous
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6
Q

Treat wide range of bacterial infections

A

Penicillin

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7
Q

penicillin allergy can range from mild (_______, ______) to severe (_________, a life-threatening reaction)

A

hives, itching

anaphylaxis

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8
Q

Typically effective against gram-positive bacteria

A

First generation

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9
Q

exhibits increased activity against gram -negative bacteria, while retaining some effectiveness against gram-positive organisms

A

Second Generation

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10
Q

They are often used for respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and some skin infections

A

Second generation cephalosporins

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11
Q

have an even broader spectrum of activity, particularly against gram-negative bacteria, including those resistant to earlier generations

A

third generation cephalosporins

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12
Q

They are commonly used for severe infections like meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis

A

third generation cephalosporins

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13
Q

exhibits excellent activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including those that produce β-lactamases, enzymes that can inactivate other cephalosporins

A

fourth generation cephalosporins

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14
Q

first generation cephalosporins

A

i. Cephalexin
ii. Cefadroxil
iii. Cefradine

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15
Q

second generation cephalosporins

A

i. Cefuroxime
ii. Cefaclor
iii. Cefprozil

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16
Q

third generation cephalosporins

A

i. Ceftriaxone
ii. Cefixime
iii. Cefoperazone

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17
Q

fourth generation cephalosporin

A

i. Cefepime

18
Q

Macrolides are a class of ____________ that are primarily _____________.

A

antibiotics
bacteriostatic

19
Q

are often considered the antibiotics of choice for group A streptococcal and pneumococcal infections when penicillin cannot be used

A

Macrolides

20
Q

The original macrolide, often used for respiratory infections and skin infections.

A

Erythromycin

21
Q

Used specifically for Clostridioides difficile infection due to its minimal systemic absorption.

A

Fidaxomicin

22
Q

Known for its long half-life, allowing for once-daily dosing and shorter treatment courses

A

Azithromycin

23
Q

They are particularly effective against gram-negative aerobic bacteria, including those that are resistant to other antibiotics.

A

Aminoglycosides

24
Q

is often used in combination with other antibiotics, particularly
for more serious infections.

A

Gentamicin

25
Primarily used for tuberculosis treatment.
Streptomycin
26
Resistant to many bacterial enzymes that inactivate other aminoglycosides, making it helpful for multidrug-resistant infections.
Amikacin
27
They are the primary treatment option for severe infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
Aminoglycosides
28
Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Meningitis
29
Infection of the inner lining of the heart, especially in cases involving Pseudomonas or Enterococcus species.
Endocarditis
30
are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that have been widely used to treat a variety of bacterial infections
Fluoroquinolones
31
They are known for their high oral bioavailability, large volume of distribution, and effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria
Fluoroquinolones
32
Fluoroquinolones
a. Ciprofloxacin b. Levofloxacin c. Gemifloxacin
33
a class of beta-lactam antibiotics known for their broad spectrum of activity against a wide range of bacteria, including many that are resistant to other antibiotics
Carbapenems
34
They are typically reserved for severe infections or used as "last-line" agents when other antibiotics have failed
Carbapenems
35
It is stable to mammalian dehydropeptidases.
Meropenem
36
The first clinically used carbapenem, approved in 1985.
Imipenem
37
______________ work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. They bind to __________, which are essential for the formation of the bacterial cell wall. This disruption leads to ________ and ___________
Carbapenems penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) cell lysis and bacterial death
38
a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that have been widely used to treat various bacterial infections in both humans and animals since their discovery in the 1940s.
Tetracyclines
39
is used as a prophylactic treatment for infection by Bacillus anthracis
Doxycycline
40
refer to a group of antibiotics that are unique in their action and not comparable to other antibiotics, even though their spectrum of activity or certain side effects may be similar
Miscellaneous
41
These antibiotics are typically used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria or other susceptible organisms, especially when more common antibiotics are ineffective or not tolerated
Miscellaneous
42
miscellaneous drugs
a. Vancomycin b. Trimethoprim c. Metronidazole d. Mupirucin