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History - Civil rights (AA) > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

black codes

A

set up following teh freeing of slaves
meant to keep them in an inferior position
limited porpty ownership
outlawed inter-racial marriage
not allowed to vote

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2
Q

KKK

A

founded by nathan forest in 1865
* prevent blacks from voting
* violence agains blacks and those trying to vote
* white supremacy

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3
Q

reconstruction

A

the name given to the southern reconstruction of infrastructure, where the north tried to impose their ideology on AA on the south

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4
Q

13th amendment

A

abolished slavery
4 million freed slaves

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5
Q

14th amendment

A

equal protection under the law

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6
Q

15th amendment

A

extended the vote to black people

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7
Q

jim crow

A

the introduction of fromal segregtaion in the south between 1887-1891

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8
Q

lynching

A

white mobs would beat and kill black men, usually under the guise of a rape or assault on a white woman
cases rarely brought to court, if so all-white juries would convict

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9
Q

ida b wells

A

believed that rape was not the cause of lynching and the innocence of white women
she used lobbying and literture to oppose lynching

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10
Q

booker t washington

A

Tuskegee institute 1881
believed that blacks should first securing marketable skills in numeracy and literacy
was not concerned with segregation, but more on black self-sufficiency

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11
Q

plessey v ferguson

A

sued after being denied a seat n the white train
it was ruled that this form of segregation was constitutional
set a precedent for segregation

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12
Q

NAACP

A

National Association for the Advancemnt of Colour people formed in 1909
aimed to invetsigate and take legal action against racism

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13
Q

WWI

A

350,000 served
served in segregated battaltions
fought alongside the french, broadening their horizons on the possibility of racial equality

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14
Q

Harlem reneisance

A

outpouring of black artistic talent, ie literature and art in teh 1920s/30s
however it solifidied teh idea of defacto and dejure rights, nightclubs were owned by whites and teh only time blacks were allowed in was to work as prostiutes and staer hands

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15
Q

UNIA

A

Universal negro imporvments association - 1911

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16
Q

marcus garvey

A

believed in securing economic and social rights for blacks, as well as a focus on embracing black beauty
panafricanism
black star line

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17
Q

WEB de bois

A

opponent to Booker T
believed that a talented tenth would spread a movement of political change

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18
Q

wall street crash

A

lead to further unemployment for african americans

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19
Q

new deal

A

the new deal did not intend, directly to benefit AA.
However they did benefit from reforms, such as 30% of them being on relief.
negatively, sharecropping was hti hard and refroms of the social secuirty act did not help them

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20
Q

WWII

A
  • black migration increased
  • serious riots, Detroit 1943
  • the army remaind segregated, even the red cross sepereated black and white blood
  • 100,000 sent to france and england, broadening their horizons
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21
Q

lynda brown

A

1954
the supreme court ruled for the desegregation of schools following the case of brown v topeka board of education went to the supreme court

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22
Q

white citizens council

A

after the desegragation of schools,intedning to maintain segregation in almost all forms - much like the KKK but without lynchings

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23
Q

monthgomery bus boycott

A

1955
NAACP activitst rosa parks thrown off bus for not giving her seat to a white person
black people boycotted buses for almost a year
following the boycott in the case of bowder v gayle, it was ruled unconsituitonal to segrgetae bus

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24
Q

little rock

A

1957, governor faubus prevented 9 black children from entering the school using federal troops.
eisenhower sent in paratroopers and stated that 10,000 of the states guards were under rfederal control, protecting teh students

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25
Q

emmet till

A

1955
apparently made remarks to a white woman, was shot in the head and tossed in the river
an all white jury found them not guilty

26
Q

MLK

A
  • skillfully appealed to less edcuatd AA (which the NAACP and de bois had failed to do)
  • he believe dthat true change could be achieved only by ending the cycle of violence
  • Sotuher Christain Leadership Conference
  • effective use of public image
27
Q

kings actions :

A

birimgham alabama1963 : fist sclc protest (police overrecated however it did birng publicity)
march on washintgon 1963: to maintain pressure organised a march on wahsintgon (i have a dream speech (250,000 marched)

28
Q

black power

A

Protesting segregation, they believed, failed to address the poverty and powerlessness of african americans

Inspired by the principles of racial pride, autonomy and self-determination expressed by Malcolm X

29
Q

black panthers

A

formed out of the ideas of malcolm x and called for equality and armed resistance to white hositility. they alled for demands such as all black juries

30
Q

voting rights act 1965

A

pressure from king and the sclc in selma, montogomery during a protest led to federal protetcion and a promise bu johnson that the act would b passed
* restrictions on voting such as eucational or knowledge tests were illegal

31
Q

civil righst act 1964

A

under teh continued pressure of king and the sclc, and although johnson needed little pressure to act, te civil rights act was inrtoduced.
largely defeated southern resistance
* outlwaed disicrimation
* fair employment pratcises comiison set up

32
Q

Ford

A

1974-1977
enjoyed a better relationship with civil rights leaders than nixon had done
there was limited support for republicans at this yimr, 90% voted for democrat, jimmy carter

33
Q

George h w bush

A

1989-92
challenged his apponent during teh campaign as weak on black crime
vetoed a bill that made it easier to challenge job discimination
appointed less than 7% black, but did startegically apoint clarence thomas, a black republican lawyer

34
Q

Carter

A

1977-81
twice as many black fedeal judges than before

35
Q

Nixon

A

nixon took a strong line on law and order, especially agaisnt black panthers
affirmative action - affriming the rights of blacks, partiuclalry in edcuation and employment
busing
work quotas
a genuine interest in improving the social economic position

36
Q

Kennedy

A

1961-63
perpared a general civil rights bill before he was killed but was prevented from passing it due to sotuehr white opposition

37
Q

Johnson

A

1963-69
voting righst act 65
civil righst act 64
also appointed the first AA supreme court judge

38
Q

Reagan

A

historically negative views on civil rights
reagan appointed fewer blacks than any presdient since eisenhower

39
Q

LA riots

A

following rodney king affair
50 killed, 2000 injured

40
Q

rodney king

A

arrested for drink driving
filmed being assaulted by officers
they all got off without charge

41
Q

bussing

A

the process of sending black and white children into schools of the opposite race in order to accelerate inetrgration of races

42
Q

freedmans bereu

A

set up in 1865 by the federal governemnt to support freed slaves
education and financial support

43
Q

sharecropping

A

landowners divided up their plantations into small tenqancies, the freedmen would pay rent to the farmers but usually through working. essentially a continuation of slavery

44
Q

de facto

A

official position in reality

45
Q

de jure

A

position in law

46
Q

haynes tilden compromise

A

The Democrats agreed not to block Hayes’ victory on the condition that Republicans withdraw all federal troops from the South, remvoing protection of blacks

47
Q

chicago race riots

A

1919 following the war
enforced teh idea to authorities that segregation was vital to ensure peace

48
Q

supreme court

A

plessey v fergueson
brown v board of education, other decisions in the 60s ruled against segrgetaion - buses in 1960

49
Q

freedom rides and sit ins

A

MLK developed a new confidence in yoing protesters and white liberals in the north
1960 - woolworths sit in would spread acorss states
1961 - the idea that black and whites would sit together on buses where it was legal in teh north and stay there even when entering the south

50
Q

CORE

A

Congress of racial equality
set up in 1942 to protest agianst the growing segregtaion in the north

51
Q

malcolm x

A

critic of he non violence of the sclc, believed that they and teh NAACP begged favours from the white man
Dismissed by the NOI in 1963 for being too political
focused more on the socio-economic position of blacks
didnt want intergration, belived whites were racist

52
Q

chicago campaign

A

the sclc and king has failed to adress social and economic issues of black people, as teh root of society
even in their campaign in chciago they failed to adress it or solve it, being peted with stones

53
Q

eisenhower

A

1953-61
little rock support

54
Q

truman

A

1945-53
executive order against discimination in teh armed forces

55
Q

roosevelt

A

1933-45
no specifi civil righst act bus aa did benefit
CCC - civilian conservation corps provided jobs
Federal emergency relief administartion
Public works administration
however teh armed forced and work camps were segrgetaed and aa paid less

56
Q

andrew johnson

A

1865-1869
against civil rights

57
Q

Grant

A

1869-1877
did support the reconstruction

58
Q

woodrow wilson

A

1913-21
did little for civil rights, even praised teh KKK for defending souther rights after the civil war

59
Q

opinion of early presidents

A

unwilling to act due to the need to maintain white souther support

60
Q

jessee jackson

A

a theology close to that of MLK and the SCLC
he also ran for president twice - using dissolution black voters to gain votes

History - Civil rights (AA) (4 decks)

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