Over view 2

Question 1

role of supreme court

Answer 1

Plessey v fergueson 1896
Gaines v canada 1938 - separate but equal must really be equal
brown v topeka board of education 1954
green v connaly 1970 - federal funds would be withheld from schools that remained segregated

Question 2

role of congress

Question 3

turning points

Answer 3

WW2
Brown v board of topeka education
Presidency of Johnson
Reconstruction
New deal
1950s
1960s

Question 4

role of state governments

Answer 4

black codes
segregation prevalent before 1890s in the south
voting restrictions
Little rock - many state governments resisted B v BoE. in Texas the police prevented it, in little rock arkansas too
James meredith - clash of missisipi government and JFK, black student into desegregated school
alabama also heavily against desegrgetaion -
eugene bull connor and his actions against protesters in 1963

Question 5

role of organsiations

Answer 5

NAACP in 1909
UNIA in 1911
CORE in 1942
SCLC in 1957
Black panthers in 1966

Question 6

lincoln

Answer 6

lincoln made the emancipation proclamation and the 13th Amendment

Question 7

grant

Answer 7

made president after andrew johnson
used federal troops to support teh reconstruction
however early presidents did nto want to lose the support of white democrats

Question 8

wilson

Answer 8

followed grant
all black advisors in the government were dismissed
and the executive areas of the government became segregated

Question 9

roosevelt

Answer 9

told NAACP secraary, walter white that he had to rely on southern white democrats to get New deal passed
blacks indirectly benefitted from aid and legilsation

Question 10

truman

Answer 10

presidents committee of civil rights 1946
executive order to desegregate the army in 1948

Question 11

eisenhower

Answer 11

eisenhower was reluctant to make changes out of fear of opposition - seen by his reluctance to act when state governments in texas prevented desegregation by force

did act in little rock

the civil righst acts in 1957 and 60 were very weak and did little

Question 12

kennedy

Answer 12

spoke against discrimination and began preparing a general civil rights bill in 1963 before his death
prevented from implementing it by souther opposition

Question 13

johnson

Answer 13

1964 civil rights act - end to discrimination
1965 voting rights act - conditions of voting registration made illegal

Question 14

nixon

Answer 14

Affirmative action
1972 act extending employment legislation

Question 15

reagan

Answer 15

historically negative towards civil rights
has opposed the 1964/65 legislation
claimed to have a ‘colour-blind’ administration but appointed the least blacks since eisenhower
also a reduction in welfare payments

Question 16

bush

Answer 16

last president (use for synthasis)
vetoed a civil rights bill that made it easier to challenge employment discrimination

below 7% of his appointments wer of racial minorities, appointed conservative black man clarence thomas in a stratgeic move

Question 17

1960s

Question 18

1950s

Question 19

reconsturction era

Question 20

andrew johnson

Answer 20

14th Amendment - equal protection under the law
15th amendment - right to vote
1866 civil rights act - asserted that blacks were citizens