Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

germany > overcoming challenges to democracy > Flashcards

overcoming challenges to democracy Flashcards

political and governmental change

1
Q

why was German political culture a threat to the Republic?

A

many Germans conservative, unsympathetic to democracy, undermined it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why were people concerned about democracy (3 main reasons)?

A

gave power to uneducated people - little understanding of gov, power to poor - take away power + wealth of rich, based on discussion + elections - weak + indecisive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

who was Bismarck + what was his influence on German political culture?

A

!st chancellor of Imperial Germany, strength, decisiveness, disliked democracy, ideal form of authoritarian German leader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why did the signing of Versailles cause resentment towards the Republic?

A

Gov seen as weak, people believed Germany could win, terms resented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what was popular militarism, why was it a threat to democracy?

A

support for army, belief army protected nation, hierarchal + aristocratic, never democratically accountable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what could ex-army men do in gov that undermined democratic values?

A

take a gov job, some gov services dominated by former soldiers making them hierarchal + undemocratic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what was the stab in the back myth?

A

that WW1 not lost by military but by politicians, communists + Jews, politicians signed armistice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why was the stab in the back myth formed?

A

propaganda promised victory, German army occupied French territory, army seen as invincible, army leaders didn’t want to be blamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how did army leaders use the stab in the back myth?

A

insisted army + soldiers heroes, politicians weak, devious + unpatriotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what was the attitudes towards soldiers, how did this undermine democracy?

A

respected, seen as front generation who fought and sacrificed for nation, stigmatised politicians as weak compared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what racist beliefs were linked to the German empire?

A

belief white European civilisation superior, support for colonialism, supported racial war + racial purity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how was anti-Semitism used to undermine democracy?

A

Jews blamed as causing defeat in war. linked to Republic, hatred for both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How was Social Darwinism linked to democracy being unnatural?

A

humans naturally unequal, strong should dominate weak, democracy gave equal political rights to unequal people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what did Anti-Semites believe a secret kaiser would do?

A

cleanse Germany of impure races

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what was the consequence of Bismarck’s legacy + cult of the military?

A

view that political violence was justified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what did democratic politics rely on?

A

peace, freedom of dicsussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what political assassination shows anti- Semitism in Weimar?

A

Walter Rathenau- involved in Versailles negotiations, minister, Jewish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what did the signing of Versailles rob the Republic of + why?

A

its legitimacy, associated with betrayal of country + treachery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what was German politics divided along?

A

political, religious and ethnic lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why did the SPD not trust the liberals?

A

liberals supported banning of SPD, collaboration between socialists and liberals became difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why did conservatives and nationalists not trust the socialists?

A

thought SPD would strip rich of property + organise violent revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why were there major divisions between the SPD and KPD?

A

SPD feared communist revolution would lead to KPD persecuting SPD, SPD authorised military action against KPD - relationship deteriorated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why did political divisions make German gov tricky?

A

proportional representation meant hard for single party to win majority, coalitions necessary - parties had to work together (difficult)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why were there divides along religious lines?

A

Germany christian, most people protestant, fears of Catholicism being threat to German culture, main liberal parties didn’t defend rights of Catholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what were the ethnic divisions in Germany?

A

Slaves + Poles, French + Danes, seen as inferior, gov followed policy of Germanisation, illegal to teach other languages, Jews persecuted, associated with modern culture + urbanisation not traditional German culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when was the Spartacist uprising?

A

Jan 1919

27
Q

when was the Kapp putsch?

A

march 1920

28
Q

when was the Ruhr uprising?

A

march 1920

29
Q

when was the Munich Pustch?

A

nov 1923

30
Q

what happened at the Spartacist uprising?

A

led by KPD after their meeting under attack from private armies, uprising in Berlin, gov moved to Weimar, Freikorps dealt with it, Liebknecht + Luxemburg captured, beaten + arrested

31
Q

how many political murders were there between 1919 -1923?

A

376

32
Q

how did Ebert help overcome the challenegs?

A

held gov together 1919-23

33
Q

how did Stresemann help overcome the challenges?

A

dealt with crises, foreign + economic policy successes, role in creating + maintaining Grand Coalitio

34
Q

what happened 1924-29 that helped stability?

A

economy recovered through Stresemann, helped foreign policy + relationship with other countries

35
Q

what reasons ensured weimar democracy survived overcoming challenges?

A

success of economy, political leadership, use of Article 48, threat of left, pragmatism + compromise of political parties

36
Q

what qualities did Ebert have?

A

gifted negotiator, capable administrator, pragmatic

37
Q

what was Ebert’s goals?

A

work with Weimar system to improve pay + rights of workers, compromise + reform

38
Q

what did Ebert do to compromise?

A

worked with army, right wing civil service + judiciary, worked with right wing politicians

39
Q

what did Eberts compromises do in the long term and short term?

A

LT- undermined democracy
ST- bought new regime time, kept republic going through crises

40
Q

what did the press think and do regarding Ebert?

A

viewed him as traitor, printed stories accusing him of betraying Germany

41
Q

what did Ebert do against his critics in the press?

A

started more than 173 lawsuits against them trying to clear his name

42
Q

who was Hindenburg?

A

president after Ebert, DNVP, had support of right, military general, viewed as hero

43
Q

what did Hindenburg do in 1928 that shows he was using his power constitutionally?

A

appoint SPD leader Hermann Muller as chancellor, arrangement between conservative nationalists + socialists

44
Q

why did Hindenburg’s leadership make the regime more stable?

A

gave German right a reason to support the regime

45
Q

how did Stresemann increase support of the constitution?

A

his support meant people in his party (Peoples party) supported the new constitution

46
Q

when was Stresemann foreign minister?

A

1923-29

47
Q

What was the Dawes plan, when was it?

A

1924- loans to germany from USA, rearrange reparations payments

48
Q

when did the French withdraw from the Ruhr?

A

1924-25

49
Q

When was the Locarno pact, when was it?

A

1925- series of treaties, Germany recognised borders with surrounding European countries

50
Q

when did the LoN allow Germany to join?

A

1926

51
Q

what treaty was signed by Germany + USSR in 1926?

A

Treaty of Berlin, improve relations, encourage economic + military exchange

52
Q

what was the Kellogg-Brian’s pact, when was it?

A

renounced use of force to solve disputes, 1928

53
Q

what was the Young plan, when was it?

A

1929, rescheduled reparations payments

54
Q

how many times did Ebert use Article 48?

A

136 occasions

55
Q

why did Eberts use of Article 48 have a destabilising effect?

A

used against left but not against right, used it when no emergency, established precedent president could use it without emergency

56
Q

what parties supported the Republic + help it survive?

A

SPD, German Democrats + ZP

57
Q

why did the threat from the left help keep the Weimar republic going?

A

communist revolution seemed to be real threat, Weimar republic lesser of two evils

58
Q

what did the Ebert-Groener ensure for the army?

A

independence and respect

59
Q

what were the Freikorps?

A

demobilised soldiers, anti-communist force of volunteers

60
Q

what were the Freikorps motivated by?

A

right wing nationalist + anti democratic political goals

61
Q

what did the Freikorps do in the Sparticist uprising?

A

fought alongside army, crushed uprising,

62
Q

why were the actions of the Freikorps destabilising in the long term?

A

had widespread popular support, helped legitimise use of political violence

63
Q

what did the threat of the left lead to for pro-weimar parties?

A

significant support, won 76.2% vote 1919

64
Q

what happened when the communist threat receded?

A

support for pro-Weimar parties diminished

germany (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions