collapse of democracy 1928-33

Question 1

what was the collapse of democracy caused by?

Answer 1

long term political problems

Question 2

why did Nationalist cause the collapse of democracy?

Answer 2

thought gov not legitimate, stab in back, support gov when threat of left, less supportive of gov normally, distrusted democracy

Question 3

what did the army do during the Kapp putsch?

Answer 3

refused to support the gov, uprising right-wing

Question 4

what happened to politicians and parties during the late 20s?

Answer 4

became more authoritarian

Question 5

what did the Catholic ZP begin to favour by the late 20s?

Answer 5

replacing democracy with a dictatorship to safeguard Catholic values

Question 6

what did Hindenburg do because he wanted to replace democracy with a more authoritarian style of gov?

Answer 6

appointed more authoritarian chancellors after collapse of Mullers gov

Question 7

what did governments increasingly rely on between 1930-32

Answer 7

article 48

Question 8

what did conservative politicians, civil servants and military leaders see the economic crisis as an opportunity to introduce?

Answer 8

a more authoritarian kind of rule, each new chancellor used power to undermine democracy

Question 9

when was Hermann Muller chancellor?

Answer 9

June 1928 - march 1930

Question 10

when was Bruning chancellor?

Answer 10

march 1930 to may 1932

Question 11

when was von Papen chancellor?

Answer 11

may 1932 to Nov 1932

Question 12

when was von Schleicher chancellor?

Answer 12

dec 1932 - jan 1933

Question 13

how did Brunings Catholicism influence his politics?

Answer 13

had concerns about atheism, communism and socialism, believed authoritarianism best way to guard Catholicism

Question 14

what did Bruning become increasingly relied on, what did this do?

Answer 14

article 48 and Hindenburg, reduced power of Reichstag

Question 15

what did Bruning use the emergency powers to do?

Answer 15

restict civil liberties e.g introduced press censorship

Question 16

why did Brunings economic policies worsen the depression?

Answer 16

reduced welfare spending. worsened effects on people and economy

Question 17

how did the increase of Nazi vote share grow?

Answer 17

1928- 2.6%
1930- 18.3%
july 1932- 37.27%

Question 18

what did the Nazis capitalise on to get more power and support?

Answer 18

economic crisis and disillusionment with democracy, used effective propaganda campaign

Question 19

how did the Nazis appeal to the lower middle class?

Answer 19

would protect them from power of big business

Question 20

how did the Nazis appeal to women?

Answer 20

promised economic security, greater respect for traditional role of women

Question 21

how did the Nazis appeal to protestants?

Answer 21

appealed to nationalism, protect from communism

Question 22

how did the Nazis appeal to middle class voters?

Answer 22

protect traditional values and their wealth from communist revolution

Question 23

how did the Nazis appeal to the working class?

Answer 23

promised work and bread

Question 24

what key values did the Nazi party have?

Answer 24

nationalism, empire, racism, social darwinism, hatred of democracy, political violence.

Question 25

what did Hitler believe about the new front generation?

Answer 25

they would make Germany great again, they were the heroes and martyrs

Question 26

How was the Nazi party modelled on the army?

Answer 26

political party that looked like army, Hitler looked like military leader, more value on soldiers than politicians

Question 27

how did munich putsch failure change Hitlers means of gaining power?

Answer 27

before wanted to seize power, after realised gaining power legally in elections better

Question 28

How did Hitler personally appeal to the public?

Answer 28

portrayed himself as strong man needed to save and unite Germany, ordinary man who fought in war, could argue he would fight again for Germany and be its saviour

Question 29

why did political violence reemerge as the Nazis rose to power?

Answer 29

SA increasingly violent, attacked other parties meetings etc

Question 30

how did a crisis of order and political violence weaken Weimar democracy?

Answer 30

indicated democracy failed to ensure law + order, nationalists supported violence to fight communism

Question 31

what was the nickname for the SA, who was their leader?

Answer 31

brownshirts, Rohm

Question 32

what did the SA do?

Answer 32

protect Nazi leaders, intimidated Nazi opponents, fought other political groups, kill those who stood in way

Question 33

what was unusual after the July 1932 election?

Answer 33

Hitler headed largest party in Reichstag but not appointed chancellor

Question 34

why did Hindenburg resist appointing Hitler as chancellor?

Answer 34

viewed him as extremist, willingness to support violence made him unfit for office,

Question 35

why did von Papen and von Schleicher support Hitler?

Answer 35

wanted authoritarian dictatorship, led by traditional elite but supported by Nazis

Question 36

what would an alliance with the Nazis give an authoritarian gov?

Answer 36

popular legitimacy and support in Reichstag

Question 37

why were von Papen and von Schleicher bad political appointments?

Answer 37

both conservative, didnt support democracy, wanted authoritarian gov

Question 38

how did von Papen and von Schleicher work with Hitler?

Answer 38

Papen lifted ban on SA, Schleicher offered Hitler position of vice chancellor

Question 39

why did senior military officers, bankers + industrialists lobby Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor?

Answer 39

military- wanted to ensure loyalty of SA to army
bankers- protect wealth and property of middle class from communist revolution

Question 40

what did von Papen propose to allow Hitler in gov?

Answer 40

Hitler would be chancellor, have traditional conservatives in his cabinet to limit his power

Question 41

when was Hitler made chancellor?

Answer 41

Jan 1933