opposition to Weimar

Question 1

what did many Germans think politicians were for signing the TOV?

Answer 1

traitors, November criminals

Question 2

why was there such anger and resentment regarding TOV?

Answer 2

misinformation, people didnt know how badly war going, believed Germany could win war

Question 3

what did reparations allow to continue?

Answer 3

resentment towards the treaty

Question 4

why was the government opposed by extremist groups on the left and right?

Answer 4

involvement in TOV, liberalism and democratic principles, failure to produce strong, decisive gov + leader, failure to unite Germany

Question 5

who did the most significant left-wing opposition come from?

Answer 5

communists

Question 6

what happened after the gov dismissed USPD police chief in Berlin?

Answer 6

gov into open conflict with workers councils
Spartacists, USPD members and union officials united to overthrow gov
Freikorps smashed rebellion and executed leaders

Question 7

who did the gov have to rely on to crush the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 7

the Freikorps

Question 8

left wing opposition tried to take over individual german states and establish communist governments, which states did they attempt this in?

Answer 8

Bavaria, Saxony and Thuringia

Question 9

what type of opposition was the army far less willing to surpress?

Answer 9

right wing opposition

Question 10

who did right wing opposition come from?

Answer 10

wealthy landowners, army, industrialists, people in conservative groups,

Question 11

what two attempts at overthrowing the gov were right wing?

Answer 11

Kapp putsch and Munich putsch

Question 12

when was the Kapp putsch?

Answer 12

March 1920

Question 13

when was the Munich putsch?

Answer 13

Nov 1923

Question 14

who took part in the Kapp putsch?

Answer 14

Wolfgang Kapp, Freikorps, supported by Ludendorff

Question 15

when did they take over Berlin during the Kapp putsch?

Answer 15

12th March 1920

Question 16

what did the army do towards the Kapp putsch?

Answer 16

didnt join putsch but would not fight the rebels

Question 17

what cause the Kapp putsch to fail?

Answer 17

trade unions called a general strike, demanded new gov with SPD in control, Kapp gov fell after 4 days

Question 18

when did Hitler surround the beer hall and declare that the gov of Bavaria and national gov was gone and that he and Ludendorff would form new gov?

Answer 18

8th Nov 1923

Question 19

why did the Munich putsch fail?

Answer 19

Ludendorff allowed gov leaders to make phone calls, they made gov aware of putsch, putsch stopped

Question 20

why was the Munich putsch actually a success for Hitler?

Answer 20

allowed him to give speeches about his beliefs, increased his fame, wrote Mein Kampf, knew he had to gain power by legal means

Question 22

when was the Kiel Mutiny?

Answer 22

Nov 1918

Question 23

what happened at the Kiel Mutiny?

Answer 23

German sailors angry at Kaiser and army leaders, took control of base and demanded end to monarchy

Question 24

what did the Kiel mutiny lead to?

Answer 24

a wave of strikes and rebellions across Hamburg, Frankfurt, Berlin

Question 25

who were the leaders of the Spartacist uprising?

Answer 25

Luxemburg and Liebknecht

Question 26

when was a Soviet Republic declared in Bavaria?

Answer 26

March 1919

Question 27

what did Germans associate the new democracy with?

Answer 27

defeat and humiliation

Question 28

what is dolchloss?

Answer 28

belief that German politicians had stabbed Germany in the back

Question 29

what did Versailles make Germany lose?

Answer 29

land/territory, empire+colonies, money through reparations, army reduced to 100,000 men

Question 30

why did white people think colonisation was acceptable?

Answer 30

they believed they had a right/duty to civilise the world

Question 31

what was an immediate cause of the Kapp putsch?

Answer 31

disarmament and demilitarisation

Question 32

when was the Ruhr uprising?

Answer 32

March 1920

Question 33

who did the Ruhr uprising?

Answer 33

communists formed army of approx 50,000 workers

Question 34

who did the gov have to rely on to put down the Ruhr uprising?

Answer 34

army backed by Freikorps

Question 35

why was Walter Rathenau killed?

Answer 35

foreign minister, Jewish and involved in TOV negotiations

Question 36

what happened at the May 1924 elections that showed signs of opposition?

Answer 36

increased vote for extremist parties including KPD, moderate parties lost seats

Question 37

what were big businesses opposing in 1928?

Answer 37

oppose gov’s right to arbitrate in industrial disputes

Question 38

who was Hugenberg, why was he good for the Nazis?

Answer 38

influential nationalist, had powerful media empire helped Nazis become more well known across Germany

Question 39

what did SA membership total in 1933?

Answer 39

500,000

Question 40

how did Nazi support change from 1930 to 1932?

Answer 40

1930 - 18.25% of vote
1932- 37.27% of vote

Question 41

why was proportional representation bad for Weimar?

Answer 41

meant lots of small parties, extremist parties had power, no majority, coalitions

Question 42

how did Article 48 undermine democracy?

Answer 42

presidential powers, bypass government, powers of Reichstag not used

Question 43

what did the DNVP and conservative elites have power over?

Answer 43

press, judiciary, army, civil service