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symptoms first appear after
age 60
is the most common cause of ____ in people over 65
dementia
for every 5 year age group beyond 65 the % of people with AD…
doubles
affects more ____ than ____
women than men
People with AD are cared for in
assisted living, long term care and/or at home
The human brain weighs about…and has about…neurons, and about…synapses
3lbs, 100 billion, 100 trillion
The largest and most complex region of the brain…
forebrain
plays a major role in emotions and motivation, pain and pleasure
hypothalamus
through which all sensory information must pass (except smell) to get to the ——cortex. Also called the…
Thalamus- structure….cerebral cortex,- also called the ‘main relay station’
Parts of the limbic system
hypothalamus, amygdala
part of the brain associated with memory formation…
Hippocampus
Amygdala is involved with
fear and aggression
_______ lobe controls sequencing of motor movements, __________ ________, personality and the ability to ….
FRONTAL lobe controls sequencing of motor movements, LANGUAGE PRODUCTION, personality and the ability to PLAN, REASON AND SOLVE PROBLEMS
Parietal Lobe integrates……, processes______ information, and allows us to maintain and direct our attention.
Parietal Lobe integrates VISUAL & AUDITORY INFORMATION, processes SPATIAL information, and allows us to maintain and direct our attention.
…lobe regulates language comprehension and allows us to…
TEMPORAL lobe regulates language comprehension and allows us to CREATE NEW MEMORIES
…integrates visual information
occipital lobe
…help measure activity in different parts of the brain during different mental activities
PET: positron emission tomography
To stay healthy neurons must…AD_____all three of these things
communicate with one another, carry out metabolism and repair themselves. AD disrupts all three of these things.
The brains of people with AD have an abundance of ___ things…
The brains of people with AD have an abundance of 2 things: beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
What is the precursor to Beta-amyloid plaques?
What is the process of creation?
APP: Amyloid precursor protein.
- app sticks through membrane
- enzymes cut thee APP into fragments of protein, including beta-amyloid
- beta-amyloid fragments come together in clumps to form plaques
Process of Plaque creation:
- app sticks through _________
- _________ cut the APP into fragments of __________, including beta-amyloid
- __________ come together in clumps to form plaques
- app sticks through membrane
- enzymes cut thee APP into fragments of protein, including beta-amyloid
- beta-amyloid fragments come together in clumps to form plaques
________ ________ from clumps which disrupt the process of the __________. This affects the _______ (responsible for forming new memories) and other areas of the cerebral cortex.
Beta-amyloid Plaques from clumps which disrupt the process of the neurons. This affects the hippocampus and other areas of the cerebral cortex.
A protein called tau helps…In AD this changes causing…
stabilize microtubules. In AD tau changes, causing microtubules to collapse, and tau proteins clump together to form neurofibrillary tangles.
Gene identified as possibly involved in formation of beta amyloid plaques
ApoE: apolipoprotien
