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Drug interventions Flashcards

1
Q

Whose responsibility is it to make sure drugs are safe

A

Health Canada

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2
Q

HC requires drug manufacturers to follow strict procedures in testing drugs they wish to market. The over all process takes about _____ and involves several steps which include:

  1. ____ &_____research
  2. __________development
  3. __________ __________. _____1,2 & 3
  4. _____________________ Submission.
A
  1. Chemical & Biological research
  2. Pre-clinical development
  3. Clinical Trial. Phases 1,2 & 3
  4. New Drug Submission.
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3
Q

Currently there are____ approved for use in the treatment of AD in Canada.

A

4

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4
Q

Drugs used to treat mild to moderate AD symptoms include:

These are ______ __________ and all have _________ ___________.

A

Mild-Moderate: Aricept, Reminyl, Exelon

These are CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS and all have SIMILAR EFFECTS_.

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5
Q

Another name for Reminyl

A

galantamine

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6
Q

Another name for Exelon

A

rivastigmine

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7
Q

Another name for Aricept

A

donepizil

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8
Q

Another name for Ebixa

A

memantine hydrochloride

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9
Q

These drugs can help improve some ______ _______ to carry out activities for up to ______ or so.

A

These drugs can help improve some patient’s abilities to carry out activities for up to a year or so.

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10
Q

Drugs for moderate to severe AD include:

A

Moderate-Severe: Ebixa

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11
Q

The effects of drugs to improve mild to moderate symptoms of AD include (6)…

A 
improved:
attention, 
memory, 
alertness, 
motivation, 
mood and 
ability to carry out ADL
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12
Q

ADL stands for…

A

activities of daily living

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13
Q

Reminyl, ______ & Aricept work by reducing the destruction of_____________ and thereby ____________ it’s activity

A

Reminyl, EXELON & Aricept work by reducing the destruction of ACETYLCHOLINE and thereby INCREASING it’s activity

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14
Q

___________ ___________ prevent the enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine.

A

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS

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15
Q

Side effects of ______,_______and Exelon include: (5)

A 
REMINYL, EXELON, ARICEPT
Nausea, 
loss of appetite, 
tiredness, diarrhea, 
muscle cramps, 
sleep disturbance
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16
Q

How effective are cholinesterase inhibitors? What else ‘might’ happen?

A
  • 50-60% show a slight improvement or stabilization of their condition over 6 months.
  • might influence neuronal function, but also survival
17
Q

First drug approved by health canada

18
Q

How does Ebixa ‘appear’ to work..

A

protects neurons against excess amounts

19
Q

Who compared hippocampal volume loss in individuals with AD using______.

A

Hashimoto, Aricept

20
Q

What kind of design did Hashimoto use?

Describe the participants…

A

Quasi Experimental.

-prospective cohort was compared with an historical control group.

21
Q

Key Finding of Hashimoto..

A

annual rate of hippocampal volume loss among the treated patients was significantly smaller than that among the control s.

22
Q

What was the conclusion of the Hashimoto study?

A

Aricept slows the progression of hippocampal atrophy suggesting a neuroprotective effect.

23
Q

Ebixa protects neurons against excess amounts of Glutamate. Glutamate is a _______________ released in large amounts by cells ________ by______.

A

Glutamate is a NEUROTRANSMITTER released in large amounts by cells DAMAGED by AD..

24
Q

What other symptoms are medical treatments also prescribed for?

A
  • depression
  • psychosis
  • anxiety
  • behavioural issues
25
Q

Other areas of research

A
  • anti-oxidants
  • vaccines that prevent plaque formation
  • anti inflammatory drugs
  • cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins
  • estrogen
  • gingko biloba
26
Q

How do vaccines work?

A

-prevent formation beta-amyloid plaques

27
Q

Are Statins effective in people who already have AD?
Who was it effective for?
What did larger scale studies show about the supposed effect?

A
  • NO
  • people who had taken it for 5-7 years.
  • Larger studies did not replicate these effects
28
Q
  • What are ARB’s usually used for?
  • People who take ARB’s are…
  • what else WAS exciting
A

-lower blood pressure
…at lower risk of developing dementia.
-people who already had dementia appeared to have progression of symptoms stalled.

29
Q

What did estrogen research show

A

not effective and later found to cause breast cancer. Very dangerous for post menopausal women

30
Q

Describe the video on Ginko Biloba research

A

Gingko twice a day - did not impact cognitive abilities at all.
Researcher however did not verify that participants actually took the Gingko

31
Q

Describe the case study on Gingko

  • How many participants?Groups?
  • What kind of diagnosis did they have?
  • how often did they have GB?
  • for how long?
  • results?
A
  • 3069 (treatment and placebo)
  • normal to Mild Cog Imp
  • 2 times a day
  • 2000-2008
  • dementia rating actually slightly higher in treatment group

Alzheimers Disease (10 decks)

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