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reproductive system > ovaries > Flashcards

ovaries Flashcards

1
Q

4 kinds of ovarian cysts

start with most common

A
  • functional
  • follicular
  • corpus luteum
  • theca lutein
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2
Q

ovarian cysts dx test

A

pelvic ultrasonography: they will be mobile, simple, fluid filled

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3
Q

ovarian cyst sx

A

asymptomatic; or pain and menstrual delay; or w/ hemmorhage due to rupture

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4
Q

ovarian cyst in postmenopausal women

A

may be malignant

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5
Q

ovarian cyst treatment

A

watch if smaller than 8cm.

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6
Q

ovarian cysts in normal menstrual cycle

A

follicular and corpus luteum cysts

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7
Q

serous adenomas, mucinous adenomas, teratomas, dermoid cysts

A

common types of benign ovarian cysts

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8
Q

PCOS is the most common cause of what 2 things

A

hirsutism and androgen excess

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9
Q

underlying abnormality with PCOS

A

we think hypothalmic pituitary dysfunction and insulin resistance

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10
Q

PCOS pts at increased risk for what

A

endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma because of unopposed estrogen stimulation

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11
Q

menses with PCOS

A

nml puberty and adolescence; followed by progressively longer episodes of amenorrhea.

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12
Q

PCOS symptoms
50% have what
30% have what
8% have what

A

50% are hirsute
30% have impaired glucose tolerance
8% have frank diabetes type 2

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13
Q

PCOS tests

A
  • ultrasonography show “string of pearls” or “oyster ovaries”
  • mild elevation of serum androgen levels
  • increased LH/FSH ratio
  • lipid abnormalities
  • insulin resistance
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14
Q

ultrasonography show “string of pearls” or “oyster ovaries”

A

PCOS; also to look for androgen secreting ovarian tumor

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15
Q

what does weight loss do in PCOS

A

improve hirsutism, lipid, and glucose paramenters, and fertility

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16
Q

how to treat hirsutism

A

androgen lowering agents, include oral contraceptives, finasteride, flutamide, spironolactone

17
Q

how to treat infertility

A

clomiphene citrate stimulates ovulation, add dexmethasone at bedtime

18
Q

why get thyroid levels

A

it can cause menstrual irregularities

19
Q

why get FSH and LH

A

to check for premature ovarian failure and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

20
Q

why get a DHEAS

A

to test for adrenal neoplasm

21
Q

how to test for adrenal neoplasm

A

DHEAS

22
Q

medroxyprogesterone acetate

A

for PCOS pt that does not desire pregnancy; it causes the regular shedding of endometrial lining

23
Q

common cause of infertility in women

A

PCOS

24
Q

acanthosis nigricans

A

DM in PCOS

25
Q

acne, androgenic alopecia, obesity, menstrual cycle disturbances, hirsutism

A

PCOS

26
Q

moon facies, buffalo hump, abdominal striae

A

cushings sydrome (think hyperandrogenism)

27
Q

how to evaluate for metabolic abnormalities in PCOS

A
  • 2 hr oral glucose tolerance test

- fasting lipid and cholesterol levels

28
Q

what decreases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma among women with PCOS

A

combined hormonal contraception or progestin

29
Q

4 risk factors for ovarian cancer

A

age 60, nulliparous, white, + FH of ovarian or endometrial cancer

30
Q

what is protective for ovarian cancer

A

long term oral contraceptive due to the suppression of ovulation

31
Q

5th most common cancer in american women and 2nd most common gynecologic malignancy; mortality rate

A

ovarian cancer

60% pts die within 5 years

32
Q

ovarian cancer

genetic?

A

10% genetic

90% sporatic

33
Q

breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and

hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome

A

2 forms of hereditary ovarian cancer

34
Q

sister mary joseph nodule

A

metastatic implant in the umbilicus; ovarian cancer

35
Q

ascites, abdominal distention, early satiety, change in bowel habits, fixed mass

A

ovarian cancer

36
Q

tx of ovarian cancer

A
  • chemo and radiotherapy

- ultrasound both transvaginal and abdominal

37
Q

CA 125 with ovarian cancer

A

CA 125 to monitor tx; not for screening;
for postmenopausal women;
normally elevated in premenopausal women

reproductive system (11 decks)

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