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reproductive system > breast > Flashcards

breast Flashcards

1
Q

what test differentiates solid and cystic breast masses

A

ultrasonography

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2
Q

bromocriptine, tamoxifen, danazol, vit B6

A

mastodynia

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3
Q

common organisim in breast infection and abscesses

A

staph aureus

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4
Q

significant fever/chills, flu like symptoms, unilateral tenderness

A

mastitis or abscess

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5
Q

how much of breast is affected in mastitis

A

one quadrant

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6
Q

mastitis tx

A

penicillinase resistant- cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin; cephalosporin, hot compresses

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7
Q

can a woman still breastfeed with mastitis

A

yes

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8
Q

fibrocystic breast changes occur in what age

A

30-50

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9
Q

what test to order in suspected breast cysts

A

fine needed aspiration both diagnostic and therapeutic. straw colored fluid

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10
Q

most fibrocystic breast changes treated how

A

supportive bra

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11
Q

3 things you can do for fibrocystic changes

A

low salt diet, vit E, HCTZ

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12
Q

fibroadenomas age and race

A

young, black

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13
Q

round, firm, smooth, discrete, mobile, nontender

A

fibroadenoma

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14
Q

fibroadenoma in pt under 25 y.o

A

biopsied

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15
Q

fibroadenoma tx

A

excision

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16
Q

why no mammogram with breast cyst

A

breast tissue too dense

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17
Q

D/D of breast mass (5)

A

fibrocystic d/s, fibroadenoma, mastitis/abscess, fat necrosis, cancer

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18
Q

2 common causes of bloody nipple discharge

A

intraductal papilloma and mammary duct ectasia

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19
Q

what is associated with 5-10% of breast cancer

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

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20
Q

nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, long term estrogen, radiation exposure, delayed childbearing

A

associated factors in breast cancer

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21
Q

what makes a woman have an increased risk of breast cancer

A

first degree relative, especially if cancer was premenopausal or bilateral or found in 2 relatives

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22
Q

2 kinds of breast cancer

A

80-85% infiltrating ductal carcinoma; remainder lobular carcinomas

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23
Q

what 2 disorders predispose to breast cancer

A

lobular CIS and atypical ductal hyperplasia

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24
Q

what is paget’s disease?

  • often what underneath
  • % of breast cancers
A

ductal carcinoma presenting as a eczematous lesion of the nipple/areola.
often DCIS or IDC underneath
1% of breast cancer

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25
Q

all invasive lobular carcinomas and 2/3 of ductal carcinomas are what

A

estrogen receptor positive

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26
Q

45-60% of breast cancer occur where

25% where

A

upper outer quadrant

under nipple and areola

27
Q

breast cancer race

A

white

28
Q

single, nontender, immobile, firm mass, ill defined margins

A

breast cancer

29
Q

common mets of cancer

A

BLT with pickle: breast, lung, thyroid, prostate

30
Q

increased exposure to estrogen how (3)

A

early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity

31
Q

axillary nodes matted or fixed to skin

A

stage III breast cancer

32
Q

ipsilateral supraclavicular or infraclavicular nodes

A

stage IV breast cancer

33
Q

tests to get for a postmenopausal and premenopausal breast mass

A

mammogram post menopausal

ultrasonography premenopausal

34
Q

rope like bumpy lumpy breasts

A

fibrocystic disease

35
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

possible malignant, cancerous cells within the milk ducts. DCIS puts pt at increased risk of invasive disease

36
Q

invasive ductal carcinoma

A

malignant and invasive neoplastic cells which have broken out of the milk ducts

37
Q

15% breast cancers

A

lobular

38
Q

lobular carcinoma in situ

A

abnormal cells within the lobule. not considered cancer. it puts the pt at an increased risk of developing cancer

39
Q

invasive lobular cancer

A

cancer cells have broken out of the lobule

40
Q

peau d’ orange

A

orange skin, think breast cancer

41
Q

oncotype DX test

A

to determine the need for chemo with stage 1 or II hormone receptor positive cancer

42
Q

what stages are most curable with breast cancer

A

I, IIA, IIB

43
Q

tx for early stage breast cancer

A

lumpectomy with sentinal node bx

44
Q

tamoxifen for what

A

estrogen receptor antagonist: women with estrogen receptor positive disease and postmenopausal women

45
Q

breast cancer surgery

A

modified radical masectomy and partial masectomy with radiation

46
Q

mammogram screening recommendations

A

annually for age 45-54

every other year for pts 55

47
Q

imaging for metastatic disease breast

A

CT and PET

48
Q

what is galactorrhea caused by

A

pituitary prolactinoma

49
Q

galactorrhea tests (4)

A

elevated prolactin, b hCG, MRI pituitary/hypothalmus

50
Q

what 2 drugs can lower prolactin

A

cabergoline and bromocriptine

51
Q

cabergoline and bromocriptine

A

what 2 drugs can lower prolactin

52
Q

who is gynecomastia seen in (3)

A
  • taller, heavier boys during puberty
  • elderly
  • obese
53
Q

6 possible causes of gynecomastia

A

endocrine issue, chronic liver d/s, chronic kidney d/s, neoplasm, drugs, puberty

54
Q

gynecomastia: describe…
- prolactin
- testosterone
- estradiol
- karyotype

A
  • prolactin may be elevated
  • testosterone low
  • estradiol may be increased
  • karyotype: Klinefelter’s syndrome
55
Q

good initial test for a suspicious lesion on mammogram

A

FNA(careful of false positive) or a core needle bx

56
Q

CEA, CA 15-3, or CA 27-29

A

tumor markers for recurrent breast cancer

57
Q

metastatic breast cancer labs (3)

A

increased ESR, increased calcium, and increased alk phos(liver and bone mets)

58
Q

what imaging do you order metatstatic breast cancer

  • 3 tests
  • 2 other helpful tests
A
  • CXR, CT chest/abdomen/pelvis, brain MRI

- PET and bone scarn

59
Q

increased ESR, increased calcium, and increased alk phos(liver and bone mets)

A

breast cancer

60
Q

early stage breast cancer tx

A

sx + irradiation or mastectomy +/- radiation(deep cancer)

must do sentinel node biopsy for eval of axillary nodes

61
Q

locally advanced breast cancer tx

A

chemo plus medicine; or surgery with sentinal bx

62
Q

stage IV breast cancer tx

A

radiation and hormonal. mastectomy

63
Q

large tumor size, subareolar location, multifocal tumors, fixation to chest wall, prior radiation to chest wall, involvement of nipple or overlying skin

A

contraindications to breast conserving therapy(lumpectomy)

64
Q

what occurs in 50% of metastatic breast cancer

- symptom

A

pleural effusion

edema of the arm

reproductive system (11 decks)

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