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reproductive system > infertility and contraception > Flashcards

infertility and contraception Flashcards

1
Q

3 meds that affect fertility in males

A

cimetidine, spironolactone, corticosteroids

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2
Q

4 tests for male infertility

A

semen analysis, TSH, prolactin, karotype(r/o Klinefelter)

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3
Q

most common cause of infertility

A

ovulatory disorders

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4
Q

first test to obtain for infertility

A

semen analysis; to r/o male factors

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5
Q

3 tests to confirm ovulation

A

basal body temp, ovulation prediction tests, progesterone levels

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6
Q

luteal phase endometrial bx, FSH, prolactin, TSH

A

other tests for infertility

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7
Q

what measures sperm survival

A

post coital testing

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8
Q

what determines tubal patency and uterine abnormalities

A

hysterosalpingography

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9
Q

what to give an anovulatory woman to promote ovulation

A

clomiphene 50-100mg for 5 days beginning on day 3,4,5 of cycle

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10
Q

what percentage of women that are sexually active will become pregnant within a year

A

85%

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11
Q

combined hormonal methods of contraception protect against what

A

endometrial and ovarian cancer

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12
Q

what is lactational amenorrhea

A

delaying conception 6 months birth. breastfeeding exclusively and maintaining amenorrhea

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13
Q

failure rates

  • periodic abstinence
  • calendar methods
  • combined basal body temp and calendar method
A
  • periodic abstinence 25%
  • calendar methods 35%
  • combined basal body temp and calendar method 25%
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14
Q
  • basal body temp
A

slight drop in temp occurs 24 to 36 hrs after ovulation; then rises by 0.3-0.48 degrees celcius.

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15
Q

cervical mucus that is fertile

A

egg white

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16
Q

symptothermal method

A

combines cervical mucus and basal body temp

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17
Q

minipills

  • hormone
  • effective
  • bleeding/disadvantage
  • good for what population
  • MOA
A
  • progesterone only
  • half as effective as combo pills
  • may cause amenorrhea; take the same daily time
  • over 40 y/o or lactating women
  • thicken cervical mucus
18
Q

contraception for over 40 y/o or lactating women

A

mini pill

19
Q

less benign breast disease, anemia, PID, ovarian cysts

A

non contraceptive advantages

20
Q

ectopic PG, hirsutism, acne, endometriosis symptoms, dysmenorrhea/menorrhagia

A

non contraceptive protection

21
Q

disadvantages of non contraceptives

A

increased risk of clots- esp smokers over 35 y/o, abnormal lipids

22
Q

increased risk for breast cancer, HTN, cholelithiasis, benign liver tumors

A

non contraceptive disadvantages

23
Q

acne, nausea, HA, wt gain, bloating, intermenstrual bleeding, missed periods

A

side effects of birth control pills

24
Q

2 main contraindications to IUD use

A

multiple sex partners and nulliparity

25
Q

implanon MOA

  • hormone
  • effective for how long
A

progestin only; increases cervical mucus viscosity and inhibits ovulation. effective for 3 years

26
Q

Mirena

A

FB inflammation; progesterone leads to cervical mucus thickening and endometrial decidualization

27
Q

copper T

A

FB inflammation; copper has spermicidal effect

28
Q

2 increased risks of IUDs

A

risk of ectopic and pelvic infection

29
Q

5 absolute contraindications to IUD

A

pregnancy, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, acute infection, past salpingitis, suspected gynecologic malignancy

30
Q

pregnancy, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, acute infection, past salpingitis, suspected gynecologic malignancy

A

5 absolute contraindications to IUD

31
Q

nullparity, ectopic hx, STD hx, multiple sex partners, severe dysmenorrhea, uterine abnormalities, anemia, valvular heart disease, young age

A

relative contraindications to IUD

32
Q

nonoxynol-9 and octoxynol-3

A

common spermicides

33
Q

morning after pill

  • hormone
  • effectiveness
A
  • high dose estrogen-progestin or progestin only; given within 72 hrs. effective up to 5 days after unprotected sex
  • 75%
34
Q

depo-provera

  • hormone
  • disadvantage
A

90 day and 30 day formulations; progestin only

- delayed fertility after discontinuation(up to 10 months)

35
Q

disadvantage of ortho evra patch

- hormone

A

clot risk; especially in smokers over 35 y/o

- estrogen and progestin

36
Q

nuvaring

  • hormone
  • disadvantage
A
  • low dose progestin and estrogen

- increase vag discharge; spotting first 1-2 months

37
Q

OCP combo pill (4 MOA)

A

inhibit FSH/LH, supress ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, decidualize endometrium

38
Q

disadvantage of OCP

A

daily compliance, clot risk, breakthrough bleeding

39
Q

what birth control can improve acne

A

OCP combo pill

40
Q

infertility- increased FSH in male

A

primary HYPOgonadism (30-40%)

41
Q

infertility - decreased FSH and LH in male

A

secondary HYPOgonadism (2%)

42
Q

primary cause of amenorrhea/ovulatory dysfunction in infertility

A

hypothalmic/pituitary causes

reproductive system (11 decks)

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