Ovarian Carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

OUTLINE THE CLASSIFICATION OF OVARIAN TUMOURS (3 most important types of ovarian tumours)

A

Primary Ovarian Tumours

  1. Epithelial tumours
    -about 90% of ovarian tumours are epithelial types
    -tumour originates from surface epithelium tissue of the ovary
    -common in older post menopausal
    -90% chances of survival if detected early stage, majority 75-80% are dx at stages 2 to4
    -ie serous, endometroid, transitional & undifferentiated subtypes
  2. Germ Cell Tumours
    -About 5% of ovarian cancers
    -originate from primordial germ cells of the ovary
    -common in young people under 30
    - Ie dysgerminomas, yolk sac or endodermal sinus tumours, embryonal carcinomas & non-gestational choriocarcinomas of the ovary.
    -germ cell carcinomas often contain more than one histological type
  3. Sex Cord Stromal Tumours
    -8% of ovarian tumours
    -affects all age groups
    -originate from stromal connective tissue of the ovary
    -many produce hormones eg oestrogen, inhibit, progesterone and testosterone
    -common types: sertoli leydig cell tumours, adult granulosa cell tumours, juvenile granulosa cell tumours
    -May present with virilisation
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2
Q

List some of the risk factors for ovarian cancer (4)

A

Family history
Uninterrupted ovulation
Low parity
Increasing age
Diet
Smoking ?

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3
Q

List some of the symptoms of ovarian cancer (4/5)

A

PMB
Pelvic pain
Weight loss
Vague:Change in bowel habits
Abdominal distension and fullness after meals

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4
Q

Give a list of investigations you would do for a pt you suspect has overran cancer

A

Hb
Preg test in younger
Pap smear
Endometrial sampling (hysteroscopy?)

Metastatic screen
UEC, LFTs
X-RAY
CT of abdomen and Pelvis
Mammogram
Tumour markers: CA 125, AFP, LDH, bHCG

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5
Q

Outline the staging of ovarian cancer (4)

A

Stage 1: tumour confined to one or both ovaries
Stage 2: involves one or both ovaries and extends to other pelvic organs
Stage 3: tumours has extended to adjacent structures ie bowel lining, abdominal peritoneum or lymph nodes
Stage 4: tumour metastasised to distant organs eg liver or chest

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6
Q

Descuss the management of ovarian cancer

A

Surgery is good standard
-TAH(total abdominal hysterectomy)
-BSO (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy)
-Omentectomy (thin fold of tissue encasing the abdo organs ei intestines&stomach and contains lymph nodes and vessels)

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7
Q

What is the management of germ cell tumours (1)

A

Multiple Agent Chemotherapy

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8
Q

What is the management of sex cord stromal tumours (1)

A

Surgical

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