Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Special Pops - Women's Health > Ovarian and Uterine Disease > Flashcards

Ovarian and Uterine Disease Flashcards

1
Q

When can ovarian cysts form?

A

Any stage of life - infancy to menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of functional ovarian cysts

A

Follicular

Corpus luteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MC type of functional ovarian cyst?

A

Follicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe follicular ovarian cysts

A
  • MC
  • Asymptomatic
  • 3 to 15 cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is a follicular ovarian cyst formed?

A

Follicle fails to rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is a corpus luteum ovarian cyst formed?

A

Failure of corpus luteum to regress in 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of ovarian cyst is typically smaller in size?

A

Corpus luteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which type of ovarian cyst is more likely to rupture?

A

Follicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which type of ovarian cyst is firm or solid?

A

Corpus luteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the layers of ovarian tissue

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Stroma
  3. Germ cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a luteoma of pregnancy?

A

Proliferation of luteinized stromal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe features of luteoma of pregnancy

A
  • Multifocal and bilateral
  • Hormonally active w/androgens
  • Typically resolves after delivery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do cystic teratomas contain?

A

All 3 embryonic germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are endometriomas?

A

Blood filled cysts from ectopic endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are “chocolate cysts”?

A

Endometriomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are endometriomas a/w?

A

Endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

Multiple cystic follicles 2-5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When in pregnancy increases risk of ovarian cyst development?

A

2nd trimester when hCG peaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When are ovaries typically palpable?

A

Thin premenopausal patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pathophys of ovarian torsion

A
  • Ovary flips over
  • Cuts off blood supply
  • Ovarian tumors are involved in 50-60% cases (whether benign of malignant)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Presentation of ovarian torsion

A
  • 2/3 are on the RIGHT
  • Acute unilateral sharp pain
  • Vomiting w/onset of pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diagnosis of ovarian torsion

A

U/S with color doppler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of ovarian torsion

A

Surgical (oophorectomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe cancer antigen 125 (CA125)

A
  • Mostly used to monitor ovarian cancer progression
  • Most useful in combo with U/S
  • Can be positive in 6% healthy pts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When should CA125 NOT be drawn?
- Acute care settings | - Elevated in cyst rupture, infections, hemorrhage, endometriosis
26
What is the primary tool for ovarian cyst evaluation?
Ultrasonography - Endovaginal - Transabdominal (for large masses)
27
Prognosis of ovarian cysts
Most with simple ovarian cysts require NO treatment (resolve within 60 days)
28
Treatment of fetal and neonatal ovarian cysts
Most are small and resolve within first few months of life
29
Treatment of ovarian cysts in pregnancy
- Most resolve by gestational 14-16 weeks | - Surgery if symptomatic or rapid growth
30
Etiology of PCOS
- Unclear | - May be abnormal function of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis
31
How do ovaries present in PCOS?
- Bilaterally enlarged - Spherical (rather than ovoid) - String of pearls configuration
32
Diagnosis of PCOS
2 of the following: - Polycystic ovaries - Signs of androgen excess (acne, hirsutism, male pattern hair loss) - Menstrual irregularities
33
Treatment of PCOS
Lifestyle changes!
34
MC type of ovarian tumor
Epithelial (60-80%)
35
Most ovarian neoplasms are ___ (malignant/benign)?
Benign
36
When are ovarian neoplasms more likely to be malignant?
Postmenopausal women
37
Types of stromal ovarian tumor
- Thecoma (postmenopausal, produces estrogen) | - Fibroma (perimenopausal)
38
What is Meig's syndrome?
- A/w ovarian fibroma | - Triad = ascites, R pleural effusion, ovarian fibroma
39
What is a hilus cell tumor?
- Stromal ovarian tumor | - Androgen secreting
40
What are dermoid cysts?
- Mature cystic teratomas - Germ cell tumors - 40-50% of all benign ovarian neoplasms - Teeth can be present
41
Why is ovarian cancer called "the silent killer"?
Presentation is vague
42
Risk factors for ovarian cancer
- Older age - Early menarche (under 12) - Late menopause (over 50) - Caucasians - Infertility
43
Protective factors against ovarian cancer
- Use of OCPs (50% reduction w/in 15 yrs of use) | - Breastfeeding
44
Diagnosis of ovarian cancer
- U/S - Elevated CA125 - Elevated Inhibin B
45
Familial ovarian cancer risk factors
- BRCA 1 - BRCA 2 - Ashkenazi Jewish, French Canadians, Icelandic descent
46
What increases risk for uterine prolapse?
- More than 2 vaginal deliveries | - Age, obesity, chronic cough, repetitive heavy lifting
47
Stages of uterine prolapse
0: no prolapse 1: cervix in upper 1/2 of vagina 2: cervix is 1 cm above or below hymen remnants 3: cervix is greater 1 cm below hymen remnants but uterus is still at least 2 cm in vaginal canal 4: uterus is outside vaginal canal
48
Who is affected by uterine leiomyoma (fibroids)?
Women over 40 | AAs
49
Pathology of uterine leiomyoma
- Arise from smooth muscle | - Usually benign
50
Treatment of uterine fibroids
- Watchful waiting - Operative hysteroscopy (electrocautery wire) - Embolization - Hysterectomy - Myomectomy - Morcellation
51
What is the precursor lesion of endometrial cancer?
Unopposed (w/o progesterone) estrogen
52
Treatment of endometrial hyperplasia?
Add extra progesterone during luteal phase
53
What is the MC gynecological malignancy?
Endometrial (uterine)
54
Prognosis of endometrial cancer
Good - many found in stage 1
55
Prognosis of ovarian cancer
Poor - often found late stage
56
Categories of endometrial cancer
- Type I: 80%, unopposed estrogen stimulation, endometrial hyperplasia - Type II: estrogen independent, older women
57
MC histologic subtype of uterine cancer?
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
58
Presentation of uterine cancer
Abnormal menses (80%) Postmenopausal bleeding Obese, infertile, HTN, DM
59
When is radiation indicated in uterine cancer?
If invasion of the myometrium is present
60
Treatment of uterine cancer
- Surgery - Radiation - Hormone therapy (progesterone)
61
Describe sarcoma of uterus
- Avg age at dx is 50 - Aggressive - MC in AAs
62
Presentation of sarcoma of uterus
- Abnormal uterine bleeding (60%) | - Pelvic pain (50%)
63
2 primary factors for assessing and diagnosing a pelvic mass of gyn origin?
1. Patient age | 2. Menopause status

Special Pops - Women's Health (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions