Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Special Pops - Women's Health > Labor & Delivery > Flashcards

Labor & Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

How long is an ovulated egg viable in the ampulla?

A

18-24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long are sperm viable in the ampulla?

A

48-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does implantation of a fertilized egg occur?

A

5-7 days after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does hCG secretion begin after fertilization?

A

7-8 days after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the process of implantation?

A
  1. Apposition (blastocyst differentiates, placenta formed)
  2. Adhesion (binds to endometrium)
  3. Invasion (cells invade endometrium and establishes a blood supply)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does the placenta belong to mother or fetus?

A

Fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long does the corpus luteum produce progesterone in pregnancy?

A

First 7-9 weeks of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of placenta

A
  • Exchange of O2 and CO2
  • Waste removal
  • Nutrients
  • Produces hCG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amount of hCG in early pregnancy

A
  • Amount doubles every 2 days until 10 weeks gestation

- If NOT, the pregnancy may be compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GI changes in pregnancy

A
  • Slowed emptying

- Increased acidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal changes in pregnancy

A
  • GFR increases by 50%
  • Cr is lower than normal (hydration change, 0.33-0.59)
  • Hydronephrosis in late pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cardiac changes in pregnancy

A
  • Blood volume increases 50%
  • HCT falls until about 28 wks
  • Increase in clotting factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Naegele’s rule?

A
  • Estimated due date
  • Add 7 days to the 1st day of LMP
  • Subtract 3 months
  • Add 1 year
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is gestation divided?

A
  • Trimester 1: 1-12 weeks
  • Trimester 2: 13-27 weeks
  • Trimester 3: 28-40 (42) weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can the 1st trimester be divided?

A
  • Embryonic (organogenesis, most sensitive to teratogens)

- Fetal (8 wks after fertilization or 10 wks after onset of LMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is the embryo most sensitive to teratogens?

A

Embryonic period of 1st trimester (2-10 weeks gestation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference between gestational and conception age?

A

2 weeks!

-Gestational refers to weeks after LMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal pregnancy is how many weeks gestational/conceptional?

A
  • 40 weeks gestational (after LMP)
  • 38 weeks conceptional
  • But almost always referred to as gestational anyway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define embryo

A

1-8 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define fetus

A

After 8 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define term

A

37 weeks or beyond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is a fetus typically viable?

A
  • 23 to 24 wks gestation

- 600 g or more weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does medical abortion (miscarriage) occur?

A
  • Less than 20 weeks gestation

- Less than 500 g weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define preterm vs. premature

A
  • Preterm is birth before 37 wks

- Premature is birth b/w 28-37 wks, weight 1000-2500 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define low birth weight

A

Full term but less than 2500 g weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define macrosomia

A

Large baby weighing more than 4500 g (9.9 lbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define gravidity

A

Number of pregnancies (live or dead)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define parity

A

Number of birth events of 20+ wks gestation OR 500+ g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define elderly primigravida

A

1st pregnancy over 35 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Define nulligravida

A

No pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define nullipara

A

No births

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

FPAL system

A
  • Alternative to GPA system classifying pregnancies/births

- Full term births, Preterm births, Abortions, Living children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why is folic acid given during pregnancy?

A

To prevent spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

FDA pregnancy drug categories

A
  • A: adequate, human studies have not shown increased risk
  • B: animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm
  • C: animal studies have shown adverse effect
  • D: human studies have demonstrated a risk to fetus
  • X: positive evidence of fetal abnormality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

S/S of pregnancy

A
  • Amenorrhea
  • NV (as early as 2 wks, resolves typically 13-16 wks gestation)
  • Breast changes
  • Skin changes
  • Pelvic organ changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What should be done at every prenatal visit?

A
  • Weight
  • BP
  • Fetal heart
  • Dipstick urine for gluc and protein
  • Measure fundal height
37
Q

How to treat hyperemesis gravidum

A
  • Frequent small meals
  • Sea bands (accupressure)
  • Emetrol
  • Acupuncture
  • Ginger root
  • Vit B6
  • IV hydration
  • Phenergan suppositories
38
Q

What is triple screen in pregnancy?

A

hcG
Estriol
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

39
Q

What is the MC cause of abnormal triple screen?

A

Wrong gestational age (it is most accurate at 16-18 wks)

40
Q

When is triple screen most accurate?

A

16-18 wks gestation

41
Q

What is nuchal fold on US screening for in pregnancy?

A

Down syndrome

42
Q

What is amniocentesis used to screen for in pregnancy?

A

Confirms karotype disorders like Down syndrome and Trisomy 18

43
Q

What determines the presenting part in a delivery?

A

Vertex (head) or breech (gluteus)

44
Q

What can cause a breech delivery?

A
  • Premature labor
  • Abnormal amniotic fluid
  • Uterine anomalies
  • Pelvic tumors
  • Abnormal placenta
  • Multiparity
  • Abnormal fetal muscular tone and mobility
45
Q

Range of cervical dilation

A

0 cm (closed) to 10 cm (fully dilated)

46
Q

Define station

A
  • Descent of presenting part in relation to ischial spines
  • At ischial spines = 0
  • Above spines = -1, 2, 3
  • Below spines = +1, 2, 3
  • Each station grade represents about 2 cm distance
47
Q

Progress in labor may be:

A
  • Effacement
  • Dilation
  • Station
  • Or any combo
48
Q

What is the Friedman curve?

A

“Fairly predictable” curve of how labor progresses

49
Q

Stages of labor

A
  • First stage (latent and active phases)
  • Second stage
  • Third stage
50
Q

Describe first stage of labor

A
  • Onset of labor to full dilation of cervix

- Divided into latent (most variable) and active phases

51
Q

Which part of the first stage of labor is most variable?

A

Latent phase (mostly effacement and descent occur)

52
Q

Describe second stage of labor

A

Full dilation of cervix to delivery of infant

53
Q

Describe third stage of labor

A

Delivery of infant to delivery of placenta

54
Q

How long is the first stage of labor for primiparas (first baby)? At what rate is the active phase dilation?

A
  • 6-18 hours

- 1.2 cm/hour

55
Q

How long is the first stage of labor for multipara (second baby)? At what rate is the active phase dilation?

A
  • 2-10 hours

- 1.5 cm/hour

56
Q

How is labor measured?

A
  • Cervical dilation
  • Cervical effacement/thinning
  • Station
57
Q

Define uneffaced

A
  • 0% effacement

- Long or thick cervix

58
Q

Purposes of amniotomy

A
  • Provide info on volume of fluid and presence of meconium
  • Increase uterine contractility
  • Allow for internal fetal/uterine monitoring
59
Q

Cardinal movements of labor

A
  1. Engagement (of head into lower pelvis)
  2. Flexion
  3. Descent
  4. IR
  5. Extension
  6. ER
60
Q

When is the smallest diameter of the head presented in labor?

A
  • Head flexed

- Face toward mother’s right

61
Q

How to tell posterior fontanelle from anterior fontanelle?

A 
Posterior = triangular
Anterior = diamond
62
Q

In a normal vaginal delivery, once the head is out what should be done?

A
  • Suction (mouth before nose)

- Check for nuchal cord

63
Q

How to perform normal vaginal delivery

A
  • Once head is out, suction mouth and nose
  • Check for nuchal cord
  • Pull down to deliver anterior shoulder
  • Pull up to deliver posterior shoulder
  • Dry and stimulate baby
  • Clamp and cut cord
64
Q

What should umbilical cord be inspected for?

A

2 arteries

1 central vein

65
Q

What related to the fetus can cause labor to stall?

A
  • Presentation not vertex
  • Presentation not LOA
  • Vertex did not flex
  • No IR
66
Q

What related to the pelvis can cause labor to stall?

A
  • Narrow pubic arch

- Narrow spines

67
Q

What related to propulsion can cause labor to stall?

A

Contractions inadequate (strength, duration, frequency)

68
Q

How to help progress labor?

A
  • Augment with oxytocin

- Consider rupturing membranes

69
Q

Maternal indications for inducing labor

A
  • Preeclampsia
  • DM
  • Heart disease
70
Q

Fetal indications for inducing labor

A

-Prolonged pregnancy
-Rh incompatibility
-Fetal abnormality
ETC ETC

71
Q

How long is too long of a latent phase?

A
  • Nulliparas 20 hr or more

- Multiparas 14 hr or more

72
Q

How long is too long of an active phase dilation rate?

A
  • Nulliparas 1 cm/hr or less

- Multiparas 2 cm/hr or less

73
Q

Define arrest of dilatation

A

No dilation in 2 hours or more

74
Q

Define arrest of descent

A

No change in station for 2 hours or more

75
Q

MC fetal indications for C section

A
  • Non-reassuring fetal heart pattern
  • Malpresentation (e.g. breech)
  • Cord prolapse
  • Congenital anomalies
76
Q

MC maternal-fetal indications for C section

A

Failure to progress in labor

77
Q

MC maternal indications for C section

A

Previous C section

78
Q

Which C section incision matters for subsequent deliveries?

A

Internal

79
Q

Indications for vacuum or forceps extraction in labor

A
  • Fetal distress w/head on perineum
  • Maternal exhaustion
  • Second stage over 2 hrs
  • Medical problems where pushing is CI
  • Must exclude CPD
80
Q

Baseline fetal HR?

A

120-160 bpm and should vary

81
Q

Pain relief options in first stage of labor

A
  • Breathing (lamaze)
  • Ambulation
  • Narcotics
82
Q

Pain relief options in second stage of labor

A

Epidural

83
Q

Pain relief options in third stage of labor

A
  • Spinal

- Local

84
Q

Define postpartum

A

The 6 weeks after delivery

85
Q

What occurs in the first 24 hrs postpartum?

A
  • Rapid decrease in uterine size
  • Bleeding (lochia)
  • First breast milk (colostrum)
86
Q

Advantages of lactation postpartum

A
  • Helps contract uterus
  • Bonding w/infant
  • Convenient, economical
  • Perfect nutrition
87
Q

Disadvantages of lactation postpartum

A
  • May interfere with work
  • Uncomfortable for some people
  • Unable to measure intake
  • Unable to take certain meds
88
Q

What is the amount of milk produced in lactation related to?

A

How much is removed each feeding

89
Q

Define engorgement

A
  • Without breast feeding, milk will engorge ducts and stop production
  • Takes 2-3 days

Special Pops - Women's Health (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions