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Special Pops - Women's Health > Disorders of the Breast > Flashcards

Disorders of the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What is the breast made up of?

A
  • Glandular ducts and lobules
  • Connective tissue (Cooper’s ligaments)
  • Fat
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2
Q

What are Cooper’s ligaments?

A
  • Connective tissue of the breast

- Bands that attach to pec major and fascia of skin

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3
Q

Function of Cooper’s ligaments

A

Support breast in upright position

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4
Q

What occurs if Cooper’s ligaments are compressed or invaded by a tumor?

A

Pathologic skin dimpling

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5
Q

Function of breast lobes/lobules/alveoli

A

Produce and secrete milk

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6
Q

Function of breast ductule/ducts/lactiferous duct

A

Tubes that connect the lobes and nipple to excrete milk

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7
Q

Function of lactiferous sinus

A

Enlargement of lactiferous duct at the base of the nipple where milk accumulates

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8
Q

What type of tissue is 80-85% of breast?

A

Adipose tissue

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9
Q

Function of adipose tissue in the breast

A
  • Holds lobules in place

- Gives breast its shape

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10
Q

How many lobes and ducts in breast?

A

15-25 lobes with 6-10 major ducts that exit the nipple (regardless of size)

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11
Q

Where is 1/2 of glandular tissue in the breast?

A

Upper outer quadrant

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12
Q

What are the premenstrual changes in the breast?

A
  • Alveolar cells increase in number and size
  • Ductal lumens widen
  • Breast size and turgor increase slightly
  • Possible tenderness
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13
Q

What are the postmenstrual changes in the breast?

A

Opposite of premenstrual - everything decreases in size

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14
Q

How does breast size relate to amount of milk produced?

A

NO difference - same amount of milk produced regardless of breast size

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15
Q

How does pregnancy affect breast cancer risk?

A

Protective against breast cancer

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16
Q

What are accessory nipples?

A
  • Congenital breast condition
  • Located anywhere along milk line
  • Frequently multiple are present
  • Often appear to be moles
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17
Q

Describe accessory breast tissue

A
  • Congenital breast condition
  • MC in underarm area
  • Breast cancer has been reported in these tissues
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18
Q

When should inverted nipples be cause for concern?

A

Sudden inversion (not congenital)

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19
Q

What is the drawback of a mammogram?

A

Cannot tell if a nodule is cystic or solid

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20
Q

What is the breast imaging modality of choice?

A

Mammogram

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21
Q

What is the only screening method found to decrease mortality of breast cancer?

A

Mammogram

22
Q

Mammography screening recommendations

A
  • Varies

- Generally, annually starting at age 40

23
Q

Mammogram screening of a woman with genetic predisposition to breast cancer?

A

Combo screening mammo and MRI starting at 25 yo or based on age of earliest onset cancer in the family

24
Q

Mammogram screening of a woman with fam hx of breast cancer but NO genetic mutation?

A
  • Data is inconclusive

- Some suggest 5 years before the age of diagnosis of family member

25
Q

Types of breast biopsy

A
  • FNA
  • Core needle
  • Surgical/open
  • Sentinal node
26
Q

What are the major breast cancer predisposition genes?

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2

27
Q

Benign breast diseases

A
  • Fibrocystic breast condition (FBC)
  • Fibroadenoma
  • Gynecomastia
  • Nipple discharge
28
Q

Disorders of lactation

A
  • Painful nipples
  • Engorgement
  • Galactocele
  • Mastitis
  • Breast abscess
29
Q

MC cause of breast lumps?

A

Fibrocystic breast condition

30
Q

Describe fibrocystic breast condition

A
  • Benign breast lumps
  • Cyclic breast pain most prominent during luteal phase and subsides with menses
  • Does NOT increase risk of breast cancer
31
Q

Who is MC affected by fibrocystic breast condition?

A

20-50 yo

70% of women in their 20s

32
Q

Where do fibrocystic changes occur in the breast?

A
  • One or both breasts
  • UOQ
  • Underside of breast (palpable ridge)
33
Q

What type of breast cyst is more likely to be cancerous?

A

Complex cyst (more than 1 compartment or has projections/debris)

34
Q

Describe breast simple cyst

A
  • Fluid filled with no septa or projections

- Not malignant

35
Q

Describe breast complex cyst

A
  • More than 1 compartment or has projections/debris
  • More likely to be cancerous than a simple cyst
  • FNA or other type of biopsy needed
36
Q

What is a breast fibroadenoma?

A
  • Benign neoplasm
  • Structural and glandular tissue
  • Unknown etiology (hormonal?)
37
Q

Who is MC affected by fibroadenoma?

A

20-30 yo
AAs
Near nipple or UOQ

38
Q

What is the MC cause of nipple discharge?

A

Intraductal papillomas

39
Q

Describe breast engorgement

A
  • Occurs 1st week postpartum

- Due to vascular congestion and accumulation of milk

40
Q

Treatment of breast engorgement

A
  • Mild: analgesics, cool compresses

- Severe: empty breasts manually or with pump

41
Q

How to treat painful nipples while breastfeeding?

A
  • Dry heat b/w feedings
  • Lanolin cream/A and D ointment after each feeding
  • Nipple shield
  • OTC pain relievers prn
  • Hydrogel pad
42
Q

What is a galactocele and how to treat?

A
  • Milk retention cyst caused by a blocked milk duct

- Treat w/warm compresses and continue breastfeeding

43
Q

Define mastitis

A
  • Bacterial infection of breast (MC S aureus, Streptococcus)

- Often postpartum (rare before 5th day)

44
Q

Treatment of mastitis

A
  • Pumping and discarding of milk
  • Abx (Dicloxacillin, Cephalexin)
  • Heat to area
45
Q

Prevention of mastitis

A

Frequent nursing

46
Q

What do multiple episodes of breast infection indicate?

A

IV drug use

47
Q

What suggests a breast abscess?

A

Presence of pitting edema over a palpable, fluctuant, tender mass

48
Q

What is the MC type of breast cancer?

A

Ductal carcinoma

95+% arise from epithelial elements - ducts or lobules

49
Q

What is HER2?

A

Protein that some cancers have large amounts of which helps them to grow

50
Q

What is the MC site of metastasis for breast cancer?

A

Bone

Special Pops - Women's Health (11 decks)

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