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Special Pops - Women's Health > Disorders of the Breast > Flashcards

Disorders of the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What is the breast made up of?

A
  • Glandular ducts and lobules
  • Connective tissue (Cooper’s ligaments)
  • Fat
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2
Q

What are Cooper’s ligaments?

A
  • Connective tissue of the breast

- Bands that attach to pec major and fascia of skin

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3
Q

Function of Cooper’s ligaments

A

Support breast in upright position

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4
Q

What occurs if Cooper’s ligaments are compressed or invaded by a tumor?

A

Pathologic skin dimpling

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5
Q

Function of breast lobes/lobules/alveoli

A

Produce and secrete milk

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6
Q

Function of breast ductule/ducts/lactiferous duct

A

Tubes that connect the lobes and nipple to excrete milk

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7
Q

Function of lactiferous sinus

A

Enlargement of lactiferous duct at the base of the nipple where milk accumulates

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8
Q

What type of tissue is 80-85% of breast?

A

Adipose tissue

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9
Q

Function of adipose tissue in the breast

A
  • Holds lobules in place

- Gives breast its shape

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10
Q

How many lobes and ducts in breast?

A

15-25 lobes with 6-10 major ducts that exit the nipple (regardless of size)

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11
Q

Where is 1/2 of glandular tissue in the breast?

A

Upper outer quadrant

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12
Q

What are the premenstrual changes in the breast?

A
  • Alveolar cells increase in number and size
  • Ductal lumens widen
  • Breast size and turgor increase slightly
  • Possible tenderness
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13
Q

What are the postmenstrual changes in the breast?

A

Opposite of premenstrual - everything decreases in size

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14
Q

How does breast size relate to amount of milk produced?

A

NO difference - same amount of milk produced regardless of breast size

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15
Q

How does pregnancy affect breast cancer risk?

A

Protective against breast cancer

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16
Q

What are accessory nipples?

A
  • Congenital breast condition
  • Located anywhere along milk line
  • Frequently multiple are present
  • Often appear to be moles
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17
Q

Describe accessory breast tissue

A
  • Congenital breast condition
  • MC in underarm area
  • Breast cancer has been reported in these tissues
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18
Q

When should inverted nipples be cause for concern?

A

Sudden inversion (not congenital)

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19
Q

What is the drawback of a mammogram?

A

Cannot tell if a nodule is cystic or solid

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20
Q

What is the breast imaging modality of choice?

A

Mammogram

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21
Q

What is the only screening method found to decrease mortality of breast cancer?

22
Q

Mammography screening recommendations

A
  • Varies

- Generally, annually starting at age 40

23
Q

Mammogram screening of a woman with genetic predisposition to breast cancer?

A

Combo screening mammo and MRI starting at 25 yo or based on age of earliest onset cancer in the family

24
Q

Mammogram screening of a woman with fam hx of breast cancer but NO genetic mutation?

A
  • Data is inconclusive

- Some suggest 5 years before the age of diagnosis of family member

25
Types of breast biopsy
- FNA - Core needle - Surgical/open - Sentinal node
26
What are the major breast cancer predisposition genes?
BRCA1 and BRCA2
27
Benign breast diseases
- Fibrocystic breast condition (FBC) - Fibroadenoma - Gynecomastia - Nipple discharge
28
Disorders of lactation
- Painful nipples - Engorgement - Galactocele - Mastitis - Breast abscess
29
MC cause of breast lumps?
Fibrocystic breast condition
30
Describe fibrocystic breast condition
- Benign breast lumps - Cyclic breast pain most prominent during luteal phase and subsides with menses - Does NOT increase risk of breast cancer
31
Who is MC affected by fibrocystic breast condition?
20-50 yo | 70% of women in their 20s
32
Where do fibrocystic changes occur in the breast?
- One or both breasts - UOQ - Underside of breast (palpable ridge)
33
What type of breast cyst is more likely to be cancerous?
Complex cyst (more than 1 compartment or has projections/debris)
34
Describe breast simple cyst
- Fluid filled with no septa or projections | - Not malignant
35
Describe breast complex cyst
- More than 1 compartment or has projections/debris - More likely to be cancerous than a simple cyst - FNA or other type of biopsy needed
36
What is a breast fibroadenoma?
- Benign neoplasm - Structural and glandular tissue - Unknown etiology (hormonal?)
37
Who is MC affected by fibroadenoma?
20-30 yo AAs Near nipple or UOQ
38
What is the MC cause of nipple discharge?
Intraductal papillomas
39
Describe breast engorgement
- Occurs 1st week postpartum | - Due to vascular congestion and accumulation of milk
40
Treatment of breast engorgement
- Mild: analgesics, cool compresses | - Severe: empty breasts manually or with pump
41
How to treat painful nipples while breastfeeding?
- Dry heat b/w feedings - Lanolin cream/A and D ointment after each feeding - Nipple shield - OTC pain relievers prn - Hydrogel pad
42
What is a galactocele and how to treat?
- Milk retention cyst caused by a blocked milk duct | - Treat w/warm compresses and continue breastfeeding
43
Define mastitis
- Bacterial infection of breast (MC S aureus, Streptococcus) | - Often postpartum (rare before 5th day)
44
Treatment of mastitis
- Pumping and discarding of milk - Abx (Dicloxacillin, Cephalexin) - Heat to area
45
Prevention of mastitis
Frequent nursing
46
What do multiple episodes of breast infection indicate?
IV drug use
47
What suggests a breast abscess?
Presence of pitting edema over a palpable, fluctuant, tender mass
48
What is the MC type of breast cancer?
Ductal carcinoma | 95+% arise from epithelial elements - ducts or lobules
49
What is HER2?
Protein that some cancers have large amounts of which helps them to grow
50
What is the MC site of metastasis for breast cancer?
Bone

Special Pops - Women's Health (11 decks)

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