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Case 6 > Outside the brain practical > Flashcards

Outside the brain practical Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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2
Q

Describe the lateral sulcus

A

Also known as Sylvian fissure, located on anterior surface of temporal lobe

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3
Q

What are the two main sulci of the brain

A

Central sulcus and lateral sulcus

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4
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A

Regulates other glands throughout the body

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5
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Balance and control of muscle movement

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6
Q

Describe the brainstem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla. Relays nerve impulses between the spinal cord and the brain, controls vital functions such as heart rate and breathing

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7
Q

Describe the spinal cord

A

Nerve impulses sent between the brain and the peripheral nerves travel along the nerve fibres that run through the tracts (pathways) in the spinal cord

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8
Q

What is dura mater made of

A

Dense, fibrous connective tissue

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9
Q

What is the role of dura mater

A

To prevent the brain from moving

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10
Q

What are folds of dura mater

A

Falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

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11
Q

What do the meninges consist of

A

Dura mater then arachnoid mater then pia mater

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12
Q

Describe the layers of the meninges

A

Epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater (DAP)

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13
Q

Describe the epidural/ extradural space (dura-cranium interface)

A

Not a natural space between the cranium and the dura mater because the dura is attached to the bones. Only becomes a space pathologically e.g. when blood from torn meningeal vessels pushed into the periosteum away from the cranium and accumulates

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14
Q

Describe the sub-dural space (sura-arachnoid junction)

A

Not a natural space but may develop in the dural cell border layer as a result of trauma, such as after a blow to the head

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15
Q

Describe the subarachnoid space

A

Contains CSF, trabecular cells, cerebral arteries and bridging superior cerebral veins that drain into the superior sagittal sinus

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16
Q

What is infection of the cranial membranes called

A

Meningitis, this can be life threatening

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17
Q

What are the left and right cerebral hemispheres connected by

A

A major structure called the corpus callosum

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18
Q

What is name of neuroanatomical structures that connect the two sides of the CNS

A

Commissures. There is an anterior and posterior commisure

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19
Q

Describe the anterior commissure

A

Bundle of nerve fibres (white matter) connecting the two temporal lobes of the cerebral hemisphere across the midline

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20
Q

Describe the posterior commissure

A

Rounded bundle of white nerve fibres that crosses the midline immediately dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct

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21
Q

Where is the olfactory bulb

A

At the end of the olfactory tract

22
Q

Where is the infindibulum

A

In the centre of the optic nerves

23
Q

Describe the brain matter features found at the base of the brain

A

Temporal lobe, pons, medulla

24
Q

What is cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory nerve

25
Q

What is cranial nerve II

A

Optic nerve

26
Q

What is cranial nerve III

A

Occulomtor nerve

27
Q

What is cranial nerve IV

A

Trochlear nerve

28
Q

What is cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal

29
Q

What is cranial nerve VI

A

Abducens

30
Q

What is cranial nerve VII

A

Facial

31
Q

What is cranial nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear (auditory)

32
Q

What is cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

33
Q

What is cranial nerve X

A

Vagus

34
Q

What is cranial nerve XI

A

Spinal accessory

35
Q

What is cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal

36
Q

From which part of the brainstem does the vagus nerve emerge

A

Medulla

37
Q

From which part of the brainstem does the occulomotor nerve emerge

A

Midbrain

38
Q

From what part of the brainstem does the hypoglossal nerve emerge

A

Medulla

39
Q

What cerebral artery is responsible for vision

A

Posterior cerebral artery as it supplies the occipital lobe

40
Q

What cerebral artery is responsible for hand movements

A

Middle cerebral artery

41
Q

What cerebral artery is responsible for foot movements

A

Anterior cerebral artery

42
Q

What cerebral artery is responsible for hearing

A

Middle cerebral artery

43
Q

What cerebral artery is responsible for sensation in the toes

A

Anterior cerebral artery

44
Q

What cerebral artery is responsible for smiling

A

Middle cerebral artery

45
Q

How does venous drainage of the brain leave the cranial cavity

A

Via the internal jugular vein

46
Q

Describe venous drainage in the brain

A

Anteriorly to posteriorly towards the confluence

47
Q

What are the two pairs of arteries that enter the cranial cavity to supply the brain

A

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

48
Q

What is the artery formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries

A

The basilar artery

49
Q

Where does the fusion of the vertebral arteries occur

A

The caudal border of the pons

50
Q

What is the basilar artery related to

A

The pons

Case 6 (10 decks)

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