Outline I: Prehistory to Ancient Times Flashcards
Definition and date of Paleolithic Era
Old Stone Age (20,000 B.C. - 8,000 B.C.)
Definition and date of the Neolithic Era
New Stone Age (4,000 B.C. - 3,300 B.C.)
Date of the Bronze Age
(3,300 B.C. - 1,600 B.C.)
Duration of the Prehistoric Times
(20,000 B.C. - 3,300 B.C.)
Describe the Paleolithic Era (7 Key Points)
First tools (stone axe, knife) Hunting skills evolving Food gathering Nomadic lifestyle Worship of fertility goddess Various races evolved
Describe the Neolithic Era (7 Key Points)
Earliest agriculture Domestication of animals Use of fire to clear fields Formation of villages And towns Evolution of power and authority Improvement of Toolmaking techniques Development of weaving and pottery
Describe the Mesolithic Era (3 Key Points)
More advanced hunting skills
Advancement on Plant collection techniques
Semi-settled lifestyle
Describe the Bronze Age (9 Key Points)
Transition from villages to cities Food surplus and storage Writing developed Social organization Metallurgy (bronze and copper tools) Refined pottery skills Mathematics Astronomy Calendar
Duration of the Ancient Times
(4,000 B.C. - A.D. 476)
Date of Egyptian Society
(4,000 B.C. - 500 B.C.)
With a desert environment that protected and stabilized the social system; annual flooding that led to having fertile agricultural lands
Egypt
What are the monumental structures in Egypt?
Ziggurats, pyramids, and axial funerary
Describe the formal residential estates and gardens in Egypt (5 Key Points)
Enclosed in walls Included utilitarian plantings Formal ground plan influenced by irrigation system Included fish tanks or pools Within a garden-like setting
An example of a formal residential estate in Egypt
Residential estate of high official of Amenhotep III, c. 1400 B.C,
Example of an axial funerary in Egypt
Queen Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple, Dier el-Bahri, c. 1480 B.C
Has strong central government with pharaoh worshipped as god; slave labor maintained vital irrigation network; strong belief in afterlife
Egypt
Duration of Mesopotamian Civilizations
(3,500 B.C. - 538 B.C.)
Date of the Sumerian Society
(3,500 B.C. - 900 B.C.)
Date of the Assyrian Society
(900 B.C. - 625 B.C.)
Date of the Neo-Babylonian Society
(611 B.C. - 538 B.C.)
The “fertile crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; a broad floodplain; more temperate climate than Egypt; with urbanized populations and social organization
Mesopotamia
One of its design expressions is the royal hunting parks
Mesopotamian Civilizations
Had the concept of “paradise” or “garden of Eden”
Mesopotamian Civilizations
The date and reason why the Hanging Gardens of Babylon created
(605 B.C.) Created for the wife of King Nebuchadnezzar
A “green mountain” of a seven-storied palace with gardens planted on each terrace level
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Where walled cities were “organic” in form
Mesopotamia
Where residences were sun-baked brick with interior courtyards to provide open-air ventilation
Mesopotamia
The notion that heaven was capable of being created by human beings on the earth; quadrilaterally symmetrical; divided by four warer channels flowing from a central point
Paradise or Garden of Eden
Date of the Persian Society
(539 B.C. - 331 B.C.)
Its empire extended from Egypt to Indus River (India); characterized by hot, arid desert landscape with few fertile river valleys; practiced open-air worship
Persia
