Outline 4 (European Conquest and Colonization in North America and Asia) Flashcards
Time period of the European Conquest?
1500-1700
“The English in Asia”
Catalyst for what?
Expansion
“The English in Asia”
English East India Company occurred when?
1600
“The English in Asia”
How was the establishment working?
Many failed attempts to establish throughout Asia
“The English in Asia”
Finally, success occurred where?
Coromandel Coast of southern India
“The English in Asia”
England’s future focus on?
India
“The Dutch in Asia”
Who do they challenge that are hated by local powers?
Portuguese
“The Dutch in Asia”
What was The Itinerario by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten?
Published as “Key to The East”, the Itinerario proper, is a report of the journey Van Linschoten undertook from Lisbon to Goa and back again
“The Dutch in Asia”
Started trade with what islands?
Spice islands (Dutch East Indies)
“The Dutch in Asia”
What was different in their approach?
Trade; not conversion or colonization
“The Dutch in Asia”
Started increasing their control of what?
Sea lanes, prices, production
“European competition in Asia”
European insignificance lead to what?
limitations
“European competition in Asia”
Asian perception of Europeans?
“Sea barbarians”
“European competition in Asia”
Growing competition between who?
European merchants
“European competition in Asia”
What also affected the competition?
Religious movements and differences
Dutch Colonization?
- The Americas
- New Netherland > New York
- Caribbean
- Guiana
Main focus of the Dutch Colonization?
Asia:
-Dutch East Indies (Spice Islands)
-India
“French Colonization in North America”
How was their relationship with native Americans?
- need for allies in fur trade
- Coureurs de bois’ adoption of Indian culture, wives
- Emphasis on evangelism
“French Colonization in North America”
Population growth?
Very slow
“French Colonization in North America”
Defeated by who?
English
The French was different from the English in what colonization aspect?
allies and creating relationships
“English colonization in North America”
Failed attempts at settlement when?
16th century
“English colonization in North America”
The city, state, year of colonization?
Jamestown, Virginia, 1607
“English colonization in North America”
The intended labor source?
indentured servitude
“English colonization in North America”
Southern colonies impact?
- social stratification
- dependence on large cash crops like tobacco, indigo, and rice
“English colonization in North America”
New England colonies started where and when?
Massachusetts, 1620
“English colonization in North America”
The New England colonies emphasis?
Religious freedom (at least for Puritans)
“English colonization in North America”
New England colonies idea?
more independence, political autonomy
“English colonization in North America”
New England reliance on?
timber, fishing, furs, shipping, commerce
“English colonization in North America”
Middle Atlantic colonies difference?
greater ethnic and religious diversity
“English colonization in North America”
Middle Atlantic colonies source of trade?
grain export, shipping
What emerged in the Catholic Church in colonial Latin America?
Syncretic Amerindian Christianity (Our Lady of Guadalupe)
What two sources was colonial Latin American economy like?
- Spanish silver from Peru and Mexico
- Portuguese Brazil’s sugar plantations
In Latin American economy, what did the Spanish silver from Peru and Mexico include?
- Amerindian enslavement (encomiendas)
- Mita
In Latin American economy, what did Brazil’s sugar plantations labor consist of?
- Amerindian labor
- African labor
What was the council of the Indies (1524)?
In Latin America, The Council of the Indies took care of all governmental issues, administration, justice, war and religion, being always the first instance
In Iberian colonization, what were the “social hierarchies”?
- Creoles
- Mestizos
- Mulattoes
- Indians/Africans
When did the emergence of syncretic colonial institutions happen?
The Iberian Colonization
What were some of the criticism of the Spanish Conquest?
- Dominican friars, School of Salamanca
- Bartolome de las Casa, Account of the Devastation of the Indies
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire
Who played a role in the execution of Inca Emperor Atahualpa?
Pizarro
What spurs more conquest in the Inca Empire?
Inca wealth
Who conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519?
Hernan Cortes
How did Cortes gain conquest of the Inca Empire?
- alliance with Amerindian groups
- quetzalcoatl legend, confusion
- capture of Moctezuma
- Retreat, return, siege, victory
What helped secure the victory of the conquest of the Aztec Empire?
European disease
