Outline 1 (World 1400) Flashcards
What civilizations and cultures existed in the Fifteenth Century?
China, Europe, Islamic Worlds & The Americas
How much did each culture know of the areas and peoples beyond it?
They did not know a lot at this time
Was there a lot of exchange and trade?
There was not much trade at this time
The “Known World” of Eurasia: Four major Cultural Zones
Christendom, Islam, India & China
Name the more isolated cultures
The Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa & Oceania
Christendom at 1400s: What rebirth during the Renaissance?
Classical Greek and Roman culture
What were the Middle ages considered?
Dark
What re-emerged during the Christendom at 1400?
great art, literature and government
European states and governments:
Monarchical feudalism and kingly efforts to recentralize power
Know the Crusades as..
European cultural expansion
Know Europe as..
Christkingdom-Christendom
Pope and Holy Mother Church have major what?
political and cultural influence, but beginning to decline a bit
Followed collapse of Mongol Yuan dynasty, founded by?
Zhu Yuanzhang - ming dynasty
The Hongwu Emperor:
- Reigned 1368-1398
- Frugal administration
- Centralization of power
the ________ system was the network of trade and foreign relations between China and its tributaries that helped to shape much of East Asian affairs.
tributary
___+ states at its height under the Ming
40
Ming Trade and the Great Maritime Expeditions: They were know interested in what?
The outside world
Naval voyages of Zheng He:
- Would use force if needed to when going to a new place
- Had superiority to contemporary European ships
The Chinese people considered anyone who wasn’t Chinese a…
Barbarian
Closing of the Ming:
- Abandonment of maritime expeditions
- Turn inward, toward domestic concerns
- Decline in quality of emperors
Which of the more isolated cultures had the most contact with the outside world, with both the Muslim and Christian influences? A) the Americas B) Sub-Saharan Africa C) Oceana D) None of the above
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
What occurred during the Christendom at 1400?
A) rebirth of classical Greek and Roman culture is beginning
B) Emphasis on Middle Ages as dark
C)The re-emergence of great art, literature, government
D) The emphasis on human potential and achievement
E) All of the above
E) all of the above
A series of religous wars launched against the Muslims by the Christians to retake the Holy land is known as the ______.
crusades
_______ is defined as the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war.
feudalism
In a ______, the king or ruler does not have absolute power, but is dependent on personal bonds of loyalty with the groups beneath him.
feudal monarchy
The Hongwu Emperor, _____________, was extremely paranoid, even executing his prime minister and 30,000 the ministers clique when he thought they were trying to overthrow him.
Zhu Yuanzhang
The Hongwu Emperor was also known as an autocrat, who liked to exercise direct control over government policy. He abolished the _________ which had overseen government administration in the preceding periods, and instead addressed hundreds of matters each day himself.
Grand Secretariat
True of False: The Hongwu Emperor sought to restore, or at least evoke, the glories of the great Chinese dynasties of the past, and reestablished the old system.
True (the Mongols had completely changed chinese culture, so they were really happy to go back to the old ways after the collapse of the mongal dynasty. They had great imperial pride)
_________is the act of deep respect shown by prostration, that is, kneeling and bowing so low as to have one’s head touching the ground.
K’et’ou (kowtow)
Captain/ Overseer of expeditions for 30 yrs. Traveled to Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and Eastern Africa Brought gold, silver, pearls, rhino horns, incense, herbs and spices back to China (AND A GIRAFFE) Established ties with foreign countries
Zheng He
How did Chinas withdrawal from the Indian Ocean affect the trading world?
Let Europe take hold of trade in Indian Ocean
Why did the naval expeditions of Zheng He stop?
First, the Yongle Emperor who sponsored Zheng He’s first six voyages died in 1424. His son, the Hongle Emperor, was much more conservative and Confucianist in his thought, so he ordered the voyages stopped.
Second, financial reasons; The treasure fleet voyages cost Ming China enormous amounts of money; since they were not trade excursions, the government recovered little of the cost.
Third, they turned their interests inward to domestic concerns. During the reigns of the Hongle and Xuande Emperors, Ming China faced a growing threat to its land borders in the west. The Mongols and other Central Asian peoples made increasingly bold raids on western China, forcing the Ming rulers to concentrate their attention and their resources on securing the country’s inland borders.
