Outline 1 (World 1400)

Question 1

What civilizations and cultures existed in the Fifteenth Century?

Answer 1

China, Europe, Islamic Worlds & The Americas

Question 2

How much did each culture know of the areas and peoples beyond it?

Answer 2

They did not know a lot at this time

Question 3

Was there a lot of exchange and trade?

Answer 3

There was not much trade at this time

Question 4

The “Known World” of Eurasia: Four major Cultural Zones

Answer 4

Christendom, Islam, India & China

Question 5

Name the more isolated cultures

Answer 5

The Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa & Oceania

Question 6

Christendom at 1400s: What rebirth during the Renaissance?

Answer 6

Classical Greek and Roman culture

Question 7

What were the Middle ages considered?

Answer 7

Dark

Question 8

What re-emerged during the Christendom at 1400?

Answer 8

great art, literature and government

Question 9

European states and governments:

Answer 9

Monarchical feudalism and kingly efforts to recentralize power

Question 10

Know the Crusades as..

Answer 10

European cultural expansion

Question 11

Know Europe as..

Answer 11

Christkingdom-Christendom

Question 12

Pope and Holy Mother Church have major what?

Answer 12

political and cultural influence, but beginning to decline a bit

Question 13

Followed collapse of Mongol Yuan dynasty, founded by?

Answer 13

Zhu Yuanzhang - ming dynasty

Question 14

The Hongwu Emperor:

Answer 14

• Reigned 1368-1398
• Frugal administration
• Centralization of power

Question 15

the ________ system was the network of trade and foreign relations between China and its tributaries that helped to shape much of East Asian affairs.

Answer 15

tributary

Question 16

___+ states at its height under the Ming

Answer 16

40

Question 17

Ming Trade and the Great Maritime Expeditions: They were know interested in what?

Answer 17

The outside world

Question 18

Naval voyages of Zheng He:

Answer 18

• Would use force if needed to when going to a new place

- Had superiority to contemporary European ships

Question 19

The Chinese people considered anyone who wasn’t Chinese a…

Answer 19

Barbarian

Question 20

Closing of the Ming:

Answer 20

• Abandonment of maritime expeditions
• Turn inward, toward domestic concerns
• Decline in quality of emperors

Question 21

Which of the more isolated cultures had the most contact with the outside world, with both the Muslim and Christian influences?
A) the Americas
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) Oceana
D) None of the above

Answer 21

B) Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 22

What occurred during the Christendom at 1400?
A) rebirth of classical Greek and Roman culture is beginning
B) Emphasis on Middle Ages as dark
C)The re-emergence of great art, literature, government
D) The emphasis on human potential and achievement
E) All of the above

Answer 22

E) all of the above

Question 23

A series of religous wars launched against the Muslims by the Christians to retake the Holy land is known as the ______.

Answer 23

crusades

Question 24

_______ is defined as the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war.

Answer 24

feudalism

Question 25

In a ______, the king or ruler does not have absolute power, but is dependent on personal bonds of loyalty with the groups beneath him.

Answer 25

feudal monarchy

Question 26

The Hongwu Emperor, _____________, was extremely paranoid, even executing his prime minister and 30,000 the ministers clique when he thought they were trying to overthrow him.

Answer 26

Zhu Yuanzhang

Question 27

The Hongwu Emperor was also known as an autocrat, who liked to exercise direct control over government policy. He abolished the _________ which had overseen government administration in the preceding periods, and instead addressed hundreds of matters each day himself.

Answer 27

Grand Secretariat

Question 28

True of False: The Hongwu Emperor sought to restore, or at least evoke, the glories of the great Chinese dynasties of the past, and reestablished the old system.

Answer 28

True (the Mongols had completely changed chinese culture, so they were really happy to go back to the old ways after the collapse of the mongal dynasty. They had great imperial pride)

Question 29

_________is the act of deep respect shown by prostration, that is, kneeling and bowing so low as to have one’s head touching the ground.

Answer 29

K’et’ou (kowtow)

Question 30

Captain/ Overseer of expeditions for 30 yrs. Traveled to Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and Eastern Africa Brought gold, silver, pearls, rhino horns, incense, herbs and spices back to China (AND A GIRAFFE) Established ties with foreign countries

Answer 30

Zheng He

Question 31

How did Chinas withdrawal from the Indian Ocean affect the trading world?

Answer 31

Let Europe take hold of trade in Indian Ocean

Question 32

Why did the naval expeditions of Zheng He stop?

Answer 32

First, the Yongle Emperor who sponsored Zheng He’s first six voyages died in 1424. His son, the Hongle Emperor, was much more conservative and Confucianist in his thought, so he ordered the voyages stopped.
Second, financial reasons; The treasure fleet voyages cost Ming China enormous amounts of money; since they were not trade excursions, the government recovered little of the cost.
Third, they turned their interests inward to domestic concerns. During the reigns of the Hongle and Xuande Emperors, Ming China faced a growing threat to its land borders in the west. The Mongols and other Central Asian peoples made increasingly bold raids on western China, forcing the Ming rulers to concentrate their attention and their resources on securing the country’s inland borders.