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Outdoor Pets and Animals Flashcards

Lyme Disease Rocky Mountain Teatnus Toxo Rabies Malaria Histoplasmosis

1
Q

Lyme Disease

A

One week

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2
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

One week

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3
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Nope

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4
Q

Tetanus

A

One week

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5
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Nope

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6
Q

Rabies

A

Yes (immediately) reportable

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7
Q

Malaria

A

One week

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8
Q

What causes Lyme Disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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9
Q

What is Lyme disease named after?

A

Old Lyme, Connecticut

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10
Q

What did the children in CT was thought to have?

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

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11
Q

What is the most common tick- borne disease in U.S. and Europe

A

Lyme disease

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12
Q

What is the name of the tick that transmits lyme disease?

A

Ixodes species ticks

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13
Q

Where do you encounter the tick that transmit Lyme disease?

A

Backyards and outdoor recreational areas

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14
Q

What is the most reportable disease in the U.S.?

A

Lyme Disease

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15
Q

Which tick is found in eastern and north central regions of North America?

A

I. scapularis

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16
Q

Which tick is found in western North America?

A

I. pacificus

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17
Q

How long does it take a tick to go through a cycle?

A

two years

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18
Q

What stage of lyme disease is the primary vector?

A

infected nymph

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19
Q

Why is the infected nymph the main stage?

A

bc its very small and stays attached for longer period

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20
Q

How long do ticks stay attached for transmission of lyme disease?

A

72 hrs

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21
Q

How many stages are in lyme disease?

A

3 stages

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22
Q

What symptoms are seen in Stage 1 of lyme?

A
  • Flu like symptoms

- typical skin rash (erythema migrans)

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23
Q

What symptoms are seen in Stage 2 of lyme?

A
  • facial (cranial nerve VII) palsy

- Meningitis

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24
Q

What symptoms are seen in Stage 3 of lyme?

A

arthritis

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25
Q

What is the problem with the stages of lyme disease?

A

there is a great deal of overlap

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26
Q

What is the more accurate classification of lyme disease?

A
  • early and late manifestation

- Localized or disseminated

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27
Q

What stage is erythema migrans found in?

A

Stage 1

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28
Q

When can you begin empiric antibiotic treatment immediately?

A

the presence of erythema migrans rash

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29
Q

What stage is musculoskeletal symptoms seen in lyme disease?

A

Stage 3

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30
Q

What leads to sclerotic skin plaques and atrophy at a later stage w/ hair loss also occurring later in some patients?

A

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophican

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31
Q

How do you diagnose Lyme disease?

A

Serologic testing

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32
Q

How is lyme disease treated?

A

Doxycycline

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33
Q

How is lyme disease treated in pregnant women?

A

amoxicillin

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34
Q

How do you prevent avoidance of lyme disease.

A

wearing light colored long sleeve shirt, long pants, and pants tucked into socks and DEET repellant

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35
Q

T/F 90% of lyme disease episodes completely resolve with standard antibiotic therapy?

A

TRUE

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36
Q

Gram negative, obligate intracellular bacterium?

A

Rickettsia rickettisia

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37
Q

Where does most cases of Rocky mountain occur?

A

outside the Rocky Mountain area

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38
Q

What months do RMSF occur?

A

April to September

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39
Q

Which 5 states are RMSF found?

A
  • North Carolina
  • Tennessee
  • Oklahoma
  • Missouri
  • Arkansas
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40
Q

Which tick causes RMSF?

A

Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick)

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41
Q

What are the biggest signs and symptoms of RMSF?

A
  • severe multiorgan dysfunction and fatality

- RASH!

42
Q

What is the stage of the RMSF rash?

A

Faint macules >maculopapules >petechiae

43
Q

What is the characteristic finding in the RMSF rash?

A

involvement of the palms and soles

44
Q

Diagnosis is based on what in RMSF?

A

on Clinical Grounds early in the illness

45
Q

What is the Triad for RMSF?

A

Fever
Rash
Tick bite

46
Q

What diagnostic test is used for RMSF?

A

indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay (retrospective)

47
Q

The highest mortality rate of RMSF is seen in?

A
  • very young children
  • the elderly
  • Native Americans
48
Q

What causes the high mortality rate in RMSF?

A
  • being diagnosed late and being undiagnosed
49
Q

What is the treatment for RMSF?

A

Doxycycline

50
Q

What causes Tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

51
Q

What is the name of the neurotoxin produced by clostridium tetani?

A

tetanospasmin

52
Q

Where is clostridium tetani found?

A

spores in soil

53
Q

What is the MOA for tetanus?

A

neurotoxin interferes w/ neurotransmission, binding to the spinal synapses of inhibitory neurons

54
Q

What is the most common and severe form of tetanus?

A

generalized

55
Q

How many types of tetanus is there?

56
Q

What is the presenting symptom of generalized tetanus?

A

trismus (lockjaw)

57
Q

What are classic findings in generalized tetanus?

A
  • Stiff neck
  • Opisthotonus
  • Risus sardonicus
58
Q

Which type of tetanus often evolves in generalized tetanus?

59
Q

Which type of tetanus affects only one extremity or body region?

60
Q

Which type of tetanus involves cranial nerves?

61
Q

Which cranial nerve is most often effected in tetanus?

62
Q

What causes neonatal tetanus?

A

application of unconventional substances to the umbilical stump

63
Q

What is the diagnostic test for tetanus?

64
Q

What is a DDX for tetanus?

A

Strychnine poisoning (rate poison)

65
Q

What is the treatment methods for tetanus?

A
  • Halting toxin production

- Neutralization of unbound toxin

66
Q

What antimicrobial therapy is used for tetanus?

A

Metronidazole IV

67
Q

What is the treatment for passive immunization of tetanus?

A

Human tetanus immune globulin (HTIG)

68
Q

What is used to treat hypertension and tachycardia in tetanus?

69
Q

What is used to control muscle spasms in tetanus?

70
Q

What is used treat autonomic instability in tetanus?

A

magnesium sulfate

71
Q

What is the treatment of tetanus?

A

penicillin or metronidazole
and
human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG), equine antitoxin

72
Q

What causes Toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

73
Q

Ingestion of oocysts in food or water contaminated by cats?

A

Toxoplasmosis

74
Q

Primary infection of toxoplasmosis occurs in which patient?

A

immunocompetent person

75
Q

Congenital infection of toxoplasmosis occurs in which patient?

A

pregnant women and fetus

76
Q

If the mother is exposed EARLY there is a low risk of transmission, but baby is at?

A

high risk of disease

77
Q

If mother is exposed LATER there is a high risk of transmission, but baby is at?

A

low risk of disease

78
Q

What syndrome causes retinochoroiditis?

A

congenital toxoplasmosis

79
Q

What is the most common late presentation of congenital toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasmosis Retinochoroditis

80
Q

Tertiary infection of toxoplasmosis occurs in whom?

A

immunocompromised person

81
Q

What diagnosis is used toxoplasmosis?

82
Q

What is the treatment for toxoplasmosis in primary infection?

A

NO TXT

Self limited

83
Q

What is the txt for toxoplasmosis in secondary infection?

A

<18wks gestation: Spiramycin

>18wks gestation: Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine

84
Q

When do you give pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine to treat >18 wks gestation?

A

fetal infection is documented by + amniotic fluid PCR

85
Q

Which medicine is teratogenic in toxoplasmosis treatment?

A

Pyrimethamine

86
Q

Immunocompromised host treatment for toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine

87
Q

Newborn txt for toxoplasmosis?

A

pyrimethamine + leucovorin

88
Q

Severe or prolonged txt for toxoplasmosis?

A

pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine

pyrimethamine + clindamycin

89
Q

What causes Rabies?

A

rhabdovirus

90
Q

How do you diagnosis rabies?

A

direct fluorescent antibody testing

91
Q

What is the most specificity diagnosis of rabies?

A

posterior neck at the hairline biopsy

92
Q

What is the passive prophylaxis treatment for rabies?

A

human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)

93
Q

What is the active prophylaxis txt for rabies?

A

human diploid cell vaccine or purified chick embryo cell vaccine

94
Q

What is the baddest species of malaria?

A

P. Falciparum

95
Q

Which two species causes liver phase malaria?

A

P. vivax and P.ovale

96
Q

What is the diagnosis of Malaria?

A

Giemsa-stained blood smears

97
Q

What is the medical treatment for malaria?

A

Chloroquine

98
Q

What medicine treats hypnozote malaria?

A

Primaquine

99
Q

Who is admitted for malaria?

A

pts w/ falciparum

100
Q

What med is used to prevent malaria?

A

Atovaquone- proguanil and doxycycline

101
Q

What is disease has a “bulls-eye” lesion?

A

Lyme disease

Infectious Disease (6 decks)

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