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Infectious Disease > Helminths (Worms) > Flashcards

Helminths (Worms) Flashcards

Worms

1
Q

What causes Enterobiasis?

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

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2
Q

What is the most common Helminthic infection in the U.S.?

A

Enterobiasis

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3
Q

Maximal Prevalence in school-age children?

A

Enterobiasis

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4
Q

Common within families?

A

Enterobiasis

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5
Q

Nocturnal perianal pruritus common?

A

Enterobiasis

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6
Q

What determines symptoms of helminth infections?

A

Worm burden

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7
Q

How is enterobius vermicularis detected?

A
  • Tape test
  • Scotch tape test
  • Pinworm paddle test
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8
Q

When do you get the greatest yield of enterobius vermicularis?

A

at night or first thing in the morning, prior to bathing

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9
Q

When is diagnosis of enterobiasis certain w/o laboratory testing needed?

A

if clearly moving 8-13 mm long pinworm is seen in the perianal area

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10
Q

What is the treatment for Enterobiasis?

A
  • Mebendazole (100 mg) - single dose
  • Albendazole (400 mg)- single dose
  • Pyrantel pamoate (11 mg/kg, to max 1g)- single dose - MC
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11
Q

When is the dose repeated for a enterobiasis infection?

A

2 weeks due to frequent reinfection

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12
Q

Which treatment is frequently used in U.S. due to be cheap and OTC for enterobiasis?

A

Pyrantel pamoate

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13
Q

Schistosomiasis is caused by what?

A

Parasitic blood fluke (Biharziasis) (Trematode)

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14
Q

Where does bilharziasis live?

A

freshwater snails

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15
Q

What comes from swimming in contaminated water?

A

Schistosomiasis

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16
Q

What are two signs of ACUTE infection caused by schistosomiasis?

A
  • Swimmers itch

- Katayama Fever

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17
Q

What symptoms are seen in CHRONIC schistosomiasis infection?

A
  • organ system involvement
  • intestinal (S. mansoni and S. japonicum)
  • genitourinary tract (S. haematobium)
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18
Q

What organism invades the bladder?

A

S. haematobium

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19
Q

What is Gold Standard for diagnosing schistosomiasis?

A

demonstration of eggs in the stool or urine via microscopy

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20
Q

What is the treatment for Chronic schistosomiasis?

A

Praziquantel (Biltricide)

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21
Q

What is the treatment for Acute schistosomiasis?

A

Prednisolone and praziquantel

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22
Q

What causes Fascioliasis?

A

Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)

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23
Q

What can you get from digesting metacercariae on watercress/ aquatic vegetables?

A

Fascioliasis

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24
Q

What organism loves to settle in the gallbladder?

A

Fasciola hepatica

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25
Q

What is the diagnosis for fascioliasis?

A

find eggs in stool under microscope

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26
Q

What is the treatment for fascioliasis?

A

Triclabendazole- CDC

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27
Q

What is the most important fluke?

A

Paragonimus westermani

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28
Q

Comes from consuming raw, undercooked, or pickled freshwater shellfish?

A

Paragonimiasis

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29
Q

What organism loves to hang out in the lungs, causing brown sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain late in infection?

A

paragonimus westermani

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30
Q

What is the diagnosis for paragonimiasis?

A

Paragonimus eggs in sputum

31
Q

What is the treatment for paragonimiasis?

A

Praziquantel or Triclabendazole

32
Q

Beef tapeworm?

A

Taenia saginata

33
Q

Pork tapeworm?

A

Taenia solium

34
Q

Fish tapeworm?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

35
Q

Dwarf tapeworm?

A

Hymenolepis nana

36
Q

What is the largest tapeworm?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (12m)

37
Q

What is the smallest tapeworm?

A

Hymenolepis nana ( 4cm, 1mm)

38
Q

What is the most common human tapeworm infection worldwide?

A

Hymenolepsis nana

39
Q

Which worm causes megaloblastic anemia?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

40
Q

Which worm has a affinity for Vitamin B12?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

41
Q

Worm in children that causes crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and pruritus ani?

A

Hymenolepsis nana

42
Q

How do you diagnosis Diphyllobothriasis?

A

megaloblastic anemia/vitamin B12 deficiency

43
Q

How do you diagnosis every cestodes?

A

identifying eggs or proglottids in the stool

44
Q

What is the treatment for cestodes?

A

Praziquantel

45
Q

What is a invasive cestode infection called?

A

Cysticercosis

46
Q

How do you get Cysticercosis?

A
  • swallowing regurgitated proglottids

- fecal/ oral ( not from eating pork)

47
Q

What is cysticercosis in the brain called?

A

neurocysticercosis

48
Q

How do you diagnosis cysticercosis?

A

clinical presentation and radiographic imaging

49
Q

What is the treatment for cysticercosis?

A

complicated and controversial

50
Q

What is the most common helminthic human infection worldwide?

A

Ascariasis

51
Q

How do you diagnosis ascariasis?

A

via stool microscopy

52
Q

How do you treat ascariasis?

A

albendazole or mebendazole

53
Q

What causes Ascariasis?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

54
Q

What causes trichuriasis?

A

Trichuris trichiura

55
Q

What causes hookworm disease?

A

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

56
Q

Rectal prolapse

A

Trichuriasis

57
Q

Diagnosis Trichuriasis

A

stool examination for eggs

58
Q

Treatment for Trichuriasis?

A

mebendazole or albendazole

59
Q

“Ground itch”

A

hookworm disease

60
Q

Causes blood loss

A

Hookworm dx

61
Q

Diagnosis hookworm?

A

eggs in stool

62
Q

Treatment for hookworm?

A

albendazole or mebendazole

63
Q

What inhabits the lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues

A

Lymphatic Filariasis

64
Q

Diagnose Lymphatic Filariasis?

A
  • Circulating Filarial antigen (CFA) assay
    (W. bancrofti ONLY)
  • Blood Smears (at night)
    (B. malayi and B. timori)
65
Q

What is the treatment for lymphatic filariasis?

A

diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

66
Q

How is Loa Loa transmitted?

A

biting deerflies (Chrysops)

67
Q

What are the 2 cardinal manifestations for Loa Loa?

A
  • Transient localized subcutaneous swellings (Calabar swellings)
  • Subconjunctiva of the eye
68
Q

Diagnosis of Loa Loa?

A
  • visualizing the organism

- Serology

69
Q

Treatment for Loa Loa?

A

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

70
Q

What causes Cutaneous Larva Migrans?

A

Ancylostoma braziliense or Ancylostoma caninum (human infection w/ dog or cat hookworm larvae)

71
Q

Erythematous migrating linear or serpiginous cutaneous track?

A

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

72
Q

Diagnosis for cutaneous larva migrans?

A

clinical hx and physical findings

73
Q

Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans?

A

ivermectin or albendazole

74
Q

Where does the adult Schistosomiasis thrive?

A

Small Intestine

Infectious Disease (6 decks)

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