Outcome 6 Integumentary System Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
List some accessory organs.
A
hair, nails, glands, skin layers, dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous layer
2
Q
What are some common skin condition symptoms?
A
cutaneous lesions/eruptions pruritis (itching) pain edema (swelling) erythema (redness) inflammation
3
Q
flat, discolored spot that may be hypopigmented, hyperpigmented or red (erythematous and purpuric)
A
macule
4
Q
plateau-like elevated lesion greater than 1/2 cm in diameter
A
plaque
5
Q
a nodule filled with either liquid or semisolid material under the skin; deep
A
cyst
6
Q
vesicle containing purulent or cloudy fluid; raised on skin
A
pustule
7
Q
thickened areas of skin that is dry and whitish colored
A
scale
8
Q
tunnel or streak caused by a burrowing organism
A
burrow
9
Q
What is the most common organism that causes burrows?
A
scabies
10
Q
small elevated lesion less than 1/2 cm in depth and diameter
A
papule
11
Q
blisters containing clear fluid less than 0.5 cm in diameter
A
vesicles
12
Q
blisters containing clear fluid greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
A
bulla(e)
13
Q
marblelike lesion greater than 0.5 cm in depth and diameter
A
nodule
14
Q
Liquid debris dried on the skin’s surface, resulting from ruptured vesicles, pustules, or bullae
A
crust
15
Q
a thin tear
A
fissure
16
Q
a wide but shallow fissure
A
erosion
17
Q
tear that involves the epidermis and dermis
A
ulcer
18
Q
a lesion of acne
A
comedo
19
Q
inflammatory condition of the sebacious (oil) glands
A
seborrheic dermatitis
20
Q
known as cradle cap in an infant
A
seborrheic dermatitis
21
Q
What is the cause of seborrheic dermatitis?
A
idiopathic though heredity and emotional stress may be precipitating factors
22
Q
How is seborrheic dermatitis treated?
A
low strength cortisone/hydrocortisone cream
23
Q
acute inflammation response of the skin triggered by an exogenous chemical or substance
A
contact dermatitis
24
Q
What causes contact dermatitis?
A
many possible causes (poison plants, dyes, latex, preservatives, detergents, etc.)
25
How is contact dermatitis treated?
cleansing the skin and corticosteroid creams; some cases may require oral steroids
26
chronic inflammation of the skin that tends to occur in patients with a family history of allergic conditions
atopic dermatitis or eczema
27
What causes eczema?
is idiopathic but there is an inherited tendency and an allergic connection is assumed
28
How is eczema treated?
cortisone ointments and antibiotics if a secondary infection develops from scratching
29
severe itching followed by the appearance of redness and an area swelling in a localized area of skin
urticaria or hives
30
What is the swollen area called in urticaria?
wheal
31
What causes urticaria?
caused by acute hypersensitivity and the release of histamine; can sometimes be idiopathic; other factors (sunlight, heat, cold, etc)
32
How is urticaria treated?
remove the antigenic factor (if known) and manage with antihistamines and epinephrine for severe cases
33
chronic skin condition/systemic disease marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with characteristic white, silvery scales
psoriasis
34
What causes psoriasis?
unknown; seems to be genetically determined; may be autoimmune
35
How is psoriasis treated?
UV light, steroid creams, coal tar preparations, retinoid creams, chemotherapy and drug treatment when serious
36
chronic inflammatory disorder of the facial skin, causing redness, primarily in the areas where individuals blush or flush
rosacea
37
What causes rosacea?
unknown; possible correlation with the frequency of one's blushing; may be inherited
38
How is rosacea treated?
creams and lifestyle changes to avoid triggers that cause blushing
39
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
acne vulgaris
40
What causes acne vulgaris?
unknown; linked to hormonal changes in adoloscence
41
T or F. Food causes acne.
False
42
What are other precipitating factors that cause acne?
hormonal changes, heredity, dirt, bacteria
43
How is acne treated?
topical and/or systemic antibiotics and tretinoin creams, and accutane (isotretinoin) can be prescribed in severe cases (with caution)
44
Benign growths originating in the epidermis
seborrheic keratosis
45
Clinically appear as tan-brown, greasy papules or plaques that look to be pasted onto the skin
seborrheic keratosis
46
T or F. Cause of seborrheic keratosis is unknown.
True
47
How is seborrheic keratosis treated?
Treated with cryosurgery and curettage
48
Benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body
dermatofibroma
49
What causes dermatofibroma?
fibrous reactions to viral infections, insect bites, and trauma
50
How is dermatofibroma treated?
surgical excision if symptomatic
51
Benign epithelial growth that appears as a smooth, red, dome-shaped papule with a central crust that usually appears singly, but may occur in multiple numbers
keratoacanthoma
52
What causes keratoacanthoma?
virus
53
How are keratoacanthoma treated?
Treated with surgical excision, topical adrenocorticosteroids, and/or oral isotretinoin and etretinate for multiple lesions
54
Overgrowth of skin that occurs secondary to trauma or surgery
keloids and hypertrophic scars
55
How are keloids treated?
corticosteroid injections and possibly excision
56
Develops when a sebaceous gland slowly fills with a thick fluid
epidermal sebaceous cyst
57
What causes sebaceous cysts?
Caused by blockage, sometimes with infection, of a sebaceous gland
58
How are sebaceous cysts treated?
surgical excision
59
Common benign skin growths or tags
acrochordon (skin tag)
60
What causes skin tags?
friction
61
How are skin tags treated?
surgical excision or chemical removal (freezing/burning)
62
Common premalignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body
actinic keratosis
63
What causes actinic keratosis?
Caused by long-term exposure to the ultraviolet portion of sunlight
64
How is actinic keratosis treated?
topical tretinoin, possibly in combination with fluorouracil or desiccation and curettage
65
What are two common non-melanoma skin cancers?
BCC and SCC
66
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
67
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
68
What distinguishes SCC from BCC?
SCC has hyperkeratosis
69
T or F. Non-melanoma skin cancers rarely metastasize.
True.
70
What causes non-melanoma skin cancers
sun exposure, radiation treatment, immunosuppression, chronic exposure to arsenic
Actinic keratosis or chronically inflamed skin from scar tissue and burns (SCC), smoking
71
How are non-melanoma skin cancers treated?
conventional or MOHS surgery, cryosurgery, electrodessication and curettage, drug therapy
72
What are the ABCs of malignant melanoma
asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving
73
Rare, inherited condition in which the melanocytes are unable to produce melanin
albinism
74
Pale, irregular patches of skin, often evenly located on one side of the body
vitiligo
75
What causes vitiligo?
Possibly autoimmune; often follows a stressful incident
76
What are treatment options for vitiligo?
cosmetics to cover the affected skin area, non-prescription de-pigmenting creams for dark areas, UV light treatment for lightened areas
77
Patches of dark skin that develop on the face, especially over the cheeks
melasma or chloasma
78
What causes melasma?
Caused by hormonal changes in pregnancy or with oral contraceptive use in some women
79
Benign lesions of proliferating blood vessels in the dermis that produce a red, blue, or purple colour
hemangioma
80
Small dark areas of skin composed of dense collections of melanocytes
moles or nevi
81
What causes moles?
Caused by melanocytes that grow in a cluster instead of spreading throughout the skin
82
Fungal infection that causes patches of flaky, light, or dark skin to develop on the trunk
pityriasis
83
How is pityriasis treated?
Treated with antifungal medications (oral and/or creams)
84
Unspecified adverse effect resulting from a drug, medicinal, or biologic substance that was properly administered
abnormal suntan
85
Loss or absence of hair, especially on the scalp
alopecia
86
Male pattern baldness
androgenetic alopecia
87
Loss of hair in oval patches
alopecia areata
88
What drugs can treat alopecia?
Rogaine (minoxidil) and Propecia (finasteride)
89
Inflammatory reaction of the hair follicle that produces erythemic, pustular lesions
folliculitis
90
What causes folliculitis?
staphylococcus aureus
91
How is folliculitis treated?
topical antiseptic cleanser (Betadine) and systemic antibiotics
92
Common, localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis
corns and calluses
93
What's the difference between corns and calluses?
Corns have a glassy core and are smaller and more painful than calluses, calluses are larger and develop on pressure points
94
Elevated growths of the epidermis that result from hyperplasia
verrucae or warts
95
What causes verrucae?
viruses
96
How are verrucae treated?
chemical treatment (burning or freezing), surgican excision, cryotherapy, electrodessication
97
Nails with unusual thickening, shape, or color that deviates from normal
deformed or discolored nails
98
Infection of the skin around a nail
paronychia
99
A blister of pus beside the nail that forms if the nail fold is affected
whitlow
100
What causes paronychia?
Caused by a bacterial/fungal infection
101
How is paronychia treated?
antibiotics or antifungals
102
Acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of extremely painful vesicles
herpes zoster (shingles)
103
What causes shingles?
herpes varicella-zoster virus (VZV) or chickenpox in childhood
104
VZV lies dormat in the ______ and reactivates, often by stress event
dorsal root ganglia
105
How are shingles treated?
acyclovir (Zovirax) antivial
106
T or F. There is now a vaccine for shingles prevention.
True
107
Common, contagious, superficial skin infection typically on face: pus, yellow crusty sores
impetigo
108
This impetigo presents as a blister
bullous impetigo
109
This impetigo presents as a rash
non-bullous impetigo
110
What causes impetigo?
streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus bacteria
111
How is impetigo treated?
systemic pills/IV that goes through the whole body, topical antibiotics, proper cleaning, and prevention of spreading
112
Large pus containing lesion that has been infected. The pus containing abscess involves the entire hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue
furuncle (boil)
113
Unusually large furuncle or a group of furuncles connected by drainage canals; multiple drainage points
carbuncle
114
What causes furuncles and carbuncles?
Bacterial infection, usually staphylococcus aureus
115
How do we treat boils and carbuncles?
hot compresses, surgical I&D in some cases, Keflex (cephalexin) or dicloxacillin antibiotic treatments
116
Acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that causes skin to look red and swollen underneath skin – typically no rash associated
cellulitis
117
What causes cellulitis?
streptococcus or staph bacteria entering the skin surface via small cut or lesion
118
What is the key diagnostic symptom for cellulitis?
pitting edema - leaves indent from fingerprint
119
How is cellulitis treated?
systemic antibiotics; may require IV drug therapy or hospitalization if severe
120
Chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin
dermatophytoses (tinea)
121
What causes tinea?
Caused by several species of fungi that can invade the skin or nails
122
How is tinea treated?
Topical and/or oral antifungal medications
123
This type of tinea affects the scalp and can cause hair loss
tinea capitis
124
This type of tinea affects anywhere on the body
tinea corporis
125
This type of tinea affects the nail
tinea unguium
126
This type of tinea affects the foot; also called athlete's foot
tinea pedis
127
This type of tinea affects the crotch; also called jock itch
tinea cruris
128
Localized area of dead skin that can affect the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer and in some cases affect muscle and bones
decubitus ulcers (pressure/bed sores)
129
What causes decubitus ulcers?
Impairment or lack of blood supply to the affected area of skin
130
T or F. Decubitus ulcers are a result of constant pressure against surface of skin
True
131
How are decubitus ulcers treated?
prevention easier than treatment' body position changes every 2 hours, special pads or mattresses to alleviate pressure on bony prominences
132
Two most common parasitic insects to infect humans
scabies and pediculosis (lice)
133
What causes scabies?
sarcoptes scabiei itch mite
134
What causes head lice?
Pediculus humanus capitis
135
What causes body lice?
Pediculus humanus corporis
136
What causes public lice or crabs?
Phthirus pubis
