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Medical Principles For The Administrator BSMSA > Outcome 6 (Anatomy And Physiology Of The Human Body) > Flashcards

Outcome 6 (Anatomy And Physiology Of The Human Body) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What are the two main parts of the skeleton and how many bones do they contain?
A 
Axial skeleton (80)
Appendicular skeleton (126)
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2
Q
  1. What are the categories of bone the axial skeleton contains, and how many of each are there?
A 
Cranial (8)
Facial (14)
Auditory ossicles of the ear (6)
Hyoid bone, to which the tongue is attached (1)
12 pairs of ribs (24)
Sternum (1)
Vertebral column (26)
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3
Q
  1. What are the categories of bone the Appendicular skeleton contains, and how many of each are there?
A

Two pectoral or shoulder girdles (4)
Pelvic or hip girdles (2)
Upper extremities (hands, fingers and arms) (60)
Lower extremities (legs, feet and toes) (60)

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4
Q
  1. What is the cranium and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Skull, axial

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5
Q
  1. In which part of the skeleton would we find the ribs?
A

Axial

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6
Q
  1. What is the sternum and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Breast bone, axial

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7
Q
  1. What is the coccyx and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Bottom of the spine, axial

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8
Q
  1. What are the vertebrae and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
A

Spinal cord/column, axial

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9
Q
  1. What is the clavicle and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Collar bone, appendicular

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10
Q
  1. What is the scapula and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Shoulder blade, appendicular

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11
Q
  1. What is the pelvic girdle and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Contains hip bones, appendicular

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12
Q
  1. What is the humerus and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Top bone of the arm, appendicular

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13
Q
  1. What is the ulna and radius and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Lower bone of the arm, appendicular

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14
Q
  1. What are the carpals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
A

Wrist/ hand bones, appendicular

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15
Q
  1. What are the metacarpals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
A

Hand bones, appendicular

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16
Q
  1. What are the phalanges and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
A

Fingers and toes, appendicular

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17
Q
  1. What is the femur and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Upper thigh bone, Appendicular

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18
Q
  1. What is the patella and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Kneecap, appendicular

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19
Q
  1. What is the tibia and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Shin bone, appendicular

20
Q
  1. What is the fibula and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
A

Thinner lower leg bone, Appendicular

21
Q
  1. What are the tarsals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
A

Ankle bones, appendicular

22
Q
  1. What are the metatarsals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
A

Feet bones, appendicular

23
Q
  1. What is anatomy?
A

The study of the structure of the body and its relationship to other structures

24
Q
  1. What is Physiology?
A

The study of the functions of the body and how they work

25
Q
  1. What are the 5 structural levels that make up the human body?
A

Cells > tissues > organs > systems > organismic (living individual)

26
Q
  1. What are the 11 principle Systems of the body?
A

Skin, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, nervous, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

27
Q
  1. Function of skin
A

Protective outer cover of body

28
Q
  1. Function of endocrine system
A

Hormones transported by the blood

29
Q
  1. Function of skeleton
A

Supports and protects the body, aids movement

30
Q
  1. Function of muscles
A

Bring about movement and maintain posture

31
Q
  1. Function of cardiovascular system
A

Distributes oxygen to cells

32
Q
  1. Function of nervous system
A

Receives and transmits nerve impulses

33
Q
  1. Function of lymphatic system
A

Protects against disease

34
Q
  1. Function of respiratory system
A

Supplies oxygen

35
Q
  1. Function of digestive system
A

Breaks down food for use by the body and eliminates waste

36
Q
  1. Function of urinary system
A

Regulates fluid

37
Q
  1. Function of reproductive system
A

Reproduces the organism

38
Q
  1. Primary organ of the endocrine system
A

Pancreas, produces insulin and pancreatic juices

39
Q
  1. Primary organ of the nervous system
A

Brain

40
Q
  1. Primary organ of the lymphatic system
A

Spleen, produces antibodies and acts as a defence mechanism

41
Q
  1. 7 primary organs of the digestive system
A

Liver: breaks down toxins, nitrogenous waste and drugs; produces bile

Oesophagus: transports food from mouth to stomach

Stomach: receives food, commences protein digestion

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum: tube from stomach to Colon, where digestion is completed and absorption takes place

Colon: absorbs water and manufactures waste

Gallbladder: concentrates and stores bile for excretion into Duodenum to aid digestion

Pancreas: produces insulin and pancreatic juice

42
Q
  1. 5 primary organs of the respiratory system
A

Pharynx: throat, back of the nose and mouth

Larynx: voice box- forms the Adam’s apple in the male

Trachea: wind pipe takes air to and from the lungs

Bronchus: large airway passages which transport air into the lungs

Lungs: where the exchange of gases takes place during breathing

43
Q
  1. 5 primary parts of the cardiovascular system
A

Heart: main part of the circulatory system and transports blood around the body

Aorta: carries oxygenated blood from the heart through the body

Arteries: carry the oxygenated blood

Veins: carry de-oxygenated blood back round to the heart

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava: same as veins

44
Q
  1. 4 main organs of the urinary system
A

Kidneys: produce urine

Ureters: connect kidneys to bladder

Bladder: holds urine before excretion from body

Urethra: tube that carries urine outside the body

45
Q
  1. 6 main parts of the female reproductive system
A

Ovaries: organs that produce hormones and unfertilised eggs

Fallopian or uterine tubes: where the fertilisation of the egg takes place

Uterus: womb/ organ where foetus would grow

Vagina: connects womb to outside of body- birth canal

Vulva: external genitalia

Mammary glands: produce milk to feed newborn baby

46
Q
  1. 6 main parts of the male reproductive system
A

Penis: organ through which Urethra passes

Prostate gland: encircles Urethra below bladder and secrete fluid that helps sperm along

Scrotum: contains Testes, sac of skin outside the body

Testes: sex glands producing sperm and testosterone

Epididymides: along sperm to become mature and mobile

Vas Deferens: sperm pass through tube and are ejaculated from body

Medical Principles For The Administrator BSMSA (6 decks)

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