Outcome 6 (Anatomy And Physiology Of The Human Body) Flashcards
- What are the two main parts of the skeleton and how many bones do they contain?
Axial skeleton (80) Appendicular skeleton (126)
- What are the categories of bone the axial skeleton contains, and how many of each are there?
Cranial (8) Facial (14) Auditory ossicles of the ear (6) Hyoid bone, to which the tongue is attached (1) 12 pairs of ribs (24) Sternum (1) Vertebral column (26)
- What are the categories of bone the Appendicular skeleton contains, and how many of each are there?
Two pectoral or shoulder girdles (4)
Pelvic or hip girdles (2)
Upper extremities (hands, fingers and arms) (60)
Lower extremities (legs, feet and toes) (60)
- What is the cranium and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Skull, axial
- In which part of the skeleton would we find the ribs?
Axial
- What is the sternum and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Breast bone, axial
- What is the coccyx and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Bottom of the spine, axial
- What are the vertebrae and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
Spinal cord/column, axial
- What is the clavicle and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Collar bone, appendicular
- What is the scapula and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Shoulder blade, appendicular
- What is the pelvic girdle and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Contains hip bones, appendicular
- What is the humerus and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Top bone of the arm, appendicular
- What is the ulna and radius and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Lower bone of the arm, appendicular
- What are the carpals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
Wrist/ hand bones, appendicular
- What are the metacarpals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
Hand bones, appendicular
- What are the phalanges and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
Fingers and toes, appendicular
- What is the femur and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Upper thigh bone, Appendicular
- What is the patella and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Kneecap, appendicular
- What is the tibia and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Shin bone, appendicular
- What is the fibula and in which part of the skeleton would we find it?
Thinner lower leg bone, Appendicular
- What are the tarsals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
Ankle bones, appendicular
- What are the metatarsals and in which part of the skeleton would we find them?
Feet bones, appendicular
- What is anatomy?
The study of the structure of the body and its relationship to other structures
- What is Physiology?
The study of the functions of the body and how they work
- What are the 5 structural levels that make up the human body?
Cells > tissues > organs > systems > organismic (living individual)
- What are the 11 principle Systems of the body?
Skin, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, nervous, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive
- Function of skin
Protective outer cover of body
- Function of endocrine system
Hormones transported by the blood
- Function of skeleton
Supports and protects the body, aids movement
- Function of muscles
Bring about movement and maintain posture
- Function of cardiovascular system
Distributes oxygen to cells
- Function of nervous system
Receives and transmits nerve impulses
- Function of lymphatic system
Protects against disease
- Function of respiratory system
Supplies oxygen
- Function of digestive system
Breaks down food for use by the body and eliminates waste
- Function of urinary system
Regulates fluid
- Function of reproductive system
Reproduces the organism
- Primary organ of the endocrine system
Pancreas, produces insulin and pancreatic juices
- Primary organ of the nervous system
Brain
- Primary organ of the lymphatic system
Spleen, produces antibodies and acts as a defence mechanism
- 7 primary organs of the digestive system
Liver: breaks down toxins, nitrogenous waste and drugs; produces bile
Oesophagus: transports food from mouth to stomach
Stomach: receives food, commences protein digestion
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum: tube from stomach to Colon, where digestion is completed and absorption takes place
Colon: absorbs water and manufactures waste
Gallbladder: concentrates and stores bile for excretion into Duodenum to aid digestion
Pancreas: produces insulin and pancreatic juice
- 5 primary organs of the respiratory system
Pharynx: throat, back of the nose and mouth
Larynx: voice box- forms the Adam’s apple in the male
Trachea: wind pipe takes air to and from the lungs
Bronchus: large airway passages which transport air into the lungs
Lungs: where the exchange of gases takes place during breathing
- 5 primary parts of the cardiovascular system
Heart: main part of the circulatory system and transports blood around the body
Aorta: carries oxygenated blood from the heart through the body
Arteries: carry the oxygenated blood
Veins: carry de-oxygenated blood back round to the heart
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava: same as veins
- 4 main organs of the urinary system
Kidneys: produce urine
Ureters: connect kidneys to bladder
Bladder: holds urine before excretion from body
Urethra: tube that carries urine outside the body
- 6 main parts of the female reproductive system
Ovaries: organs that produce hormones and unfertilised eggs
Fallopian or uterine tubes: where the fertilisation of the egg takes place
Uterus: womb/ organ where foetus would grow
Vagina: connects womb to outside of body- birth canal
Vulva: external genitalia
Mammary glands: produce milk to feed newborn baby
- 6 main parts of the male reproductive system
Penis: organ through which Urethra passes
Prostate gland: encircles Urethra below bladder and secrete fluid that helps sperm along
Scrotum: contains Testes, sac of skin outside the body
Testes: sex glands producing sperm and testosterone
Epididymides: along sperm to become mature and mobile
Vas Deferens: sperm pass through tube and are ejaculated from body
