Outcome 3

Question 1

Define Adaptations

Answer 1

is a genetically controlled structural, behavioural or physiological feature that enahcnes the survival of an ogranism in particular environmental conditiosn

Question 2

Define Biomimicry

Answer 2

scientists observing the adaptations that species have in nature and learning from it to design man-made structures.

Question 3

Define Homeostasis

Answer 3

the maintenance within the narrow limits of a stable internal environment in the face of changing external conditions

Question 4

Define Metabolic Rate

Answer 4

the rate at which metabolism occurs in a living organism

Question 5

Define Vasoconstrcition and Vasodilation

Answer 5

Vasoconstriction closes down blood vessels when cold and Vasodilation is when blood vessels get bigger when hot.

Question 6

Define Oxytocin

Answer 6

a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labour and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts (positive feedback mechanism)

Question 7

Define Tolerance Range

Answer 7

the particular environmental conditions in which a particular species can successfully live and produce.

Question 8

Define Stimulus-Response Model

Answer 8

the key mechanism within the animal which permits it to adapt as perfectly as possible to its environment.

Question 9

What is Glucagon?

Answer 9

a hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver

Question 10

Define Ectotherm

Answer 10

an animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat

Question 11

Define Endotherm

Answer 11

an animal that is dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat

Question 12

What is Glycogen

Answer 12

a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates, it is a polysaccharide which forms glucose on hydrolysis

Question 13

What is Insulin?

Answer 13

a hormone produced in the pancreas which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood

Question 14

Define Hydrophyte

Answer 14

plants that grow only in or on water

Question 15

Define Positive Feedback Mechanism

Answer 15

continually increases stimulus

i. e. milk production in mothers
i. e. ligaments to become softer and more pliable in child birth

Question 16

What is the Pancreas?

Answer 16

a large gland behind the stomache which secretes insulin and glucagon into the blood

Question 17

Define Hyperglycaemia and Hypoglycaemia

Answer 17

hyper-an excess of glucose in the blood stream

hypo-deficiency of glucose in the blood stream

Question 18

What is Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 18

type 1-systematically destroys Beta cells in the pancreas(insulin) increases blood glucose levels
type 2-cells lose ability to respond to insulin, liver cells dont take the insulin out of the blood as they should

Question 19

Define piloerection

Answer 19

involuntary erection or bristling of hairs due to a sympathetic reflex usually triggered by cold or shock

Question 20

Give an example of structural, physiological and behavioural adaptations in a plant and animal.

Answer 20

Plant (marram grass): structural + physiological: sunken stomata allows water wanting to leave the plant more difficult due to differing humidities inside and outside the plant
Animal (mulgara): structural- produces concentrated urine
physiological-produce dry faeces
behavioural- have their fat stores concentrated in their tails

Question 21

Give 4 examples of water gain and water loss

Answer 21

Gain- reabsorption in kidneys, drinking water and metabolic water
Loss- through urine, sweat/pores, lungs (insensible)

Question 22

Give 4 examples of heating up and cooling down

Answer 22

Heating up-shivering, metabolism, convection, radiation, conduction, layering clothes, vasoconstriction
Cooling down- conduction, convection, radiation, sweating, cold shower, vasodilation

Question 23

Give 5 examples of internal processes homeostasis controls

Answer 23

CO2 levels
temperature
pH levels
ions (salts)
water levels

Question 24

Define structural, physiological and behavioural adaptations

Answer 24

p-processes within an organism
s-physical aspects of an organism
b-the behaviours of an organism

Question 25

normal blood glucose levels

Answer 25

between 3.8-6.2 mmol/L

Question 26

what is another name for hyperthyroidism

Answer 26

graves disease