Outcome 3 Flashcards
Define Adaptations
is a genetically controlled structural, behavioural or physiological feature that enahcnes the survival of an ogranism in particular environmental conditiosn
Define Biomimicry
scientists observing the adaptations that species have in nature and learning from it to design man-made structures.
Define Homeostasis
the maintenance within the narrow limits of a stable internal environment in the face of changing external conditions
Define Metabolic Rate
the rate at which metabolism occurs in a living organism
Define Vasoconstrcition and Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction closes down blood vessels when cold and Vasodilation is when blood vessels get bigger when hot.
Define Oxytocin
a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labour and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts (positive feedback mechanism)
Define Tolerance Range
the particular environmental conditions in which a particular species can successfully live and produce.
Define Stimulus-Response Model
the key mechanism within the animal which permits it to adapt as perfectly as possible to its environment.
What is Glucagon?
a hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver
Define Ectotherm
an animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat
Define Endotherm
an animal that is dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat
What is Glycogen
a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates, it is a polysaccharide which forms glucose on hydrolysis
What is Insulin?
a hormone produced in the pancreas which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood
Define Hydrophyte
plants that grow only in or on water
Define Positive Feedback Mechanism
continually increases stimulus
i. e. milk production in mothers
i. e. ligaments to become softer and more pliable in child birth
What is the Pancreas?
a large gland behind the stomache which secretes insulin and glucagon into the blood
Define Hyperglycaemia and Hypoglycaemia
hyper-an excess of glucose in the blood stream
hypo-deficiency of glucose in the blood stream
What is Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
type 1-systematically destroys Beta cells in the pancreas(insulin) increases blood glucose levels
type 2-cells lose ability to respond to insulin, liver cells dont take the insulin out of the blood as they should
Define piloerection
involuntary erection or bristling of hairs due to a sympathetic reflex usually triggered by cold or shock
Give an example of structural, physiological and behavioural adaptations in a plant and animal.
Plant (marram grass): structural + physiological: sunken stomata allows water wanting to leave the plant more difficult due to differing humidities inside and outside the plant
Animal (mulgara): structural- produces concentrated urine
physiological-produce dry faeces
behavioural- have their fat stores concentrated in their tails
Give 4 examples of water gain and water loss
Gain- reabsorption in kidneys, drinking water and metabolic water
Loss- through urine, sweat/pores, lungs (insensible)
Give 4 examples of heating up and cooling down
Heating up-shivering, metabolism, convection, radiation, conduction, layering clothes, vasoconstriction
Cooling down- conduction, convection, radiation, sweating, cold shower, vasodilation
Give 5 examples of internal processes homeostasis controls
CO2 levels temperature pH levels ions (salts) water levels
Define structural, physiological and behavioural adaptations
p-processes within an organism
s-physical aspects of an organism
b-the behaviours of an organism
normal blood glucose levels
between 3.8-6.2 mmol/L
what is another name for hyperthyroidism
graves disease
