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HHD U1/2 > outcome 2 > Flashcards

outcome 2 Flashcards

1
Q

puberty

A

the time signifying the end of childhood and during which significant changes to the way an individual’s body structure and functions occur in terms of skeletal and sexual maturation

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2
Q

primary sexual characteristic

A

characteristics that develop during puberty related to the development of the sex organs and reproductive system of males and females, enabling them to reproduce

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3
Q

secondary sexual characteristics

A

characteristics that develop during puberty that indicate sexual maturity but are not related to the person’s ability to reproduce

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4
Q

examples of male primary sex characteristic

A

enlargement of the testes, thinning and reddening of the scrotum, penis growth in length and thickness, vas deferens develops, prostate glands begin to generate fluid

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5
Q

examples of female primary sex characteristic

A

menstrual cycle; vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes mature

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6
Q

examples of male secondary sex characteristic

A

voice break and deepen, facial and body (underarm & pubic) hair, more muscular

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7
Q

examples of female secondary sex characteristic

A

breast development, widening of hips and thighs, pubic and underarm hair

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8
Q

growth spurt in females

A

age 10-13. gain 16kg and 16cm

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9
Q

growth spurt in males

A

age 12-15. gain 20kg and 20cm

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10
Q

hormone

A

a chemical substance produced by the body that acts to regulate and control a wide range of body processes, including physical growth and development

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11
Q

growth hormone (GH) function, gland released from and sit acts on

A

controls growth, stimulates growth of muscles, organs and cells
pituitary gland
all cells of the body

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12
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) function, gland released from and sit acts on

A

males: stimulates production of sperm in testes; females: stimulates ovum (egg) maturation in ovaries
pituitary gland
gonads

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13
Q

luteinising hormone (LH) function, gland released from and sit acts on

A

males: stimulates production of testosterone; females: increase in this hormone causes ovulation (release of ovum from ovary)
pituitary gland
gonads

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14
Q

testosterone function, gland released from and sit acts on

A

males: stimulates sperm production and is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics
testes
testes; changes in body during puberty

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15
Q

oestrogen function, gland released from and sit acts on

A

females: responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics; also plays a role in the menstrual cycle
ovaries
menstrual cycle; changes in body during puberty

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16
Q

progesterone function, gland released from and sit acts on

A

female: stimulates the growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus
ovaries
uterus

17
Q

biological determinant

A

factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels

18
Q

ways to measure body weight

A

BMI & waist circumference

19
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

a formula to assess body weight in relation to height; weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2)

20
Q

waist circumference

A

the circumference of the waist at the belly button; indicator of amounts of visceral fat around the organs

21
Q

physical impacts of obesity/overweight

A

higher risk of developing health conditions
low physical fitness
excess amounts of visceral fat

22
Q

mental impacts of obesity/overweight

A

self-esteem and self-concept issues

23
Q

social impacts of obesity/overweight

A

social marginalisation
difficulty making friends
withdrawal from regular activities

24
Q

diseases and conditions obesity/overweight is a risk factor for

A 
asthma
type 2 diabetes
cardiovascular disease
high blood pressure
osteoarthritis
coronary heart disease
25
Q

health status

A

an individual’s or population’s overall level of health, taking into account various factors such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

26
Q

burden of disease

A

a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. measured with DALY’s

27
Q

YLD (Years Lost due to Disability)

A

a measure of how many ‘healthy’ years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability

28
Q

YLL (Years of Life Lost)

A

a measure of how many years of expected life is lost due to premature death

29
Q

DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Year)

A

a measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury

30
Q

life expectancy

A

an indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change

31
Q

morbidity

A

refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group

32
Q

mortality

A

the number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factors

33
Q

prevalence

A

the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

34
Q

incidence

A

refers to the number or rate of new cases of a particular disease/condition in a population during a given period of time

35
Q

trends

A

a long-term general movement or change in frequency, usually either upwards or downwards

36
Q

steps of writing a trend

A

title, increase or decrease, data and timeframe

37
Q

leading causes of mortality for youth

A

injuries and poisoning, cancer diseases of the nervous system

38
Q

leading causes of morbidity for youth

A

mental disorders, injuries and poisoning

HHD U1/2 (8 decks)

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