Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HHD U1/2 > 2.1.1-5 > Flashcards

2.1.1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

steps of fertilisation

A 
ovulation
ovum swept into fallopian tube
sperm penetrates ovum and tail detaches
ovum becomes impenetrable 
genetic info combined
fertilised egg implants in endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what day is ovulation

A

day 14 of menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

germinal stage time

A

conception - implantation (end week 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

embryonic stage time

A

implantation (end week 2) - end week 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

foetal stage time

A

end week 8 - birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

germinal stage

A

zygote -> morula -> blastocyst
zygote travels down fallopian tube while constantly dividing to 16 cells
morula after 5 days, 64 cells
transforms into inner and outer mass and hollow centre
blastocyst, inner -> embryo, outer -> placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

zygote

A

a fertilised ovum

0-16 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

morula

A

solid ball of cells resulting from division of zygote

16-64 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

blastocyst

A

inner mass will become embryo and outer mass will become placenta
64 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

embryonic stage

A

no period b/c HCG hormone increase means detectable pregnancy
cell differentiation and specialisation
most organs and systems are formed
brain and spinal cord almost complete
placenta and umbilical cord begin to function
embryo sensitive to teratogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

teratogens

A

anything in the environment of the embryo that can cause defects in development
e.g. tobacco, alcohol, medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

foetal stage

A

‘foetus’
all organs and systems are formed, mature and are functioning (lungs, digestive system, liver, kidneys)
placenta fully developed
sex identifiable: 15th week
reflexes highly responsive and continue to develop
senses function: 25 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

placenta

A

supplies the foetus with oxygen, nutrients and immune system support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

trimesters

A

first: 1-13
second: 14-27
third: 28-birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

perinatal mortality

A

relates to the death of babies before birth (over 20 weeks gestation) and up to 28 days after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

leading causes of perinatal mortality

A

congenital abnormalities
spontaneous preterm births
unexplained antepartum deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

congenital abnormalities

A

birth defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

spontaneous preterm births

A

relates to births where labour begins without medical intervention between the 20th-37th weeks of pregnancy
organs born prematurely and not fully developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

unexplained antepartum deaths

A

related to babies who are born with no signs of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

prenatal morbidity

A

usually goes undiagnosed until birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

leading causes of prenatal morbidity

A

neural tube defects

down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

neural tube defects

A

a group of conditions that occur when the neural tube does not fuse completely

23
Q

spina bifida

A

the most common NTD
occurs when the spinal nerves protrude through the gap in the unclosed vertebrae instead of growing down the middle of the spinal column

24
Q

down syndrome

A

chromosomal abnormalities
3 chromosomes on 21st pair
physical features (eyes, face, stature) slowed intellectual development

25
Q

maternal mortality

A

relates to death among pregnant women where the cause of death is attributed to the pregnancy itself
cardiovascular conditions and haemorrhage (excessive blood loss) likewise

26
Q

leading causes of maternal morbidity

A

gestational diabetes
pre-eclampsia
ectopic pregnancy

27
Q

gestational diabetes

A

a form of diabetes that can occur during pregnancy in women who have no previously been diagnosed with diabetes

28
Q

characteristics of GD

A

high blood glucose level -> high birth weight, respiratory conditions, jaundice
impact on: high blood pressure, pre-term labour, increased risk of developing T2 diabetes

29
Q

pre-eclampsia

A

a disorder of pregnancy characterised by hypertension, protein in the urine and fluid retention -> swollen hands, feet and face
cure: delivery of baby

30
Q

risk factors of pre eclampsia

A

first pregnancy
pre-existing high blood pressure
family history
multiple births

31
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

occurs when instead of implanting in the uterus, the embryo impacts elsewhere in the mothers reproductive system (usually fallopian tubes)
most cases embryo won’t survive

32
Q

biological determinant definition

A

factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels

33
Q

behavioural determinant definition

A

actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity and eating practises

34
Q

social determinant defintion

A

aspects of society and the social environment that impacts on health, such a sporty, early life experiences, social networks and support

35
Q

physical environment definition

A

the physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. the physical environment includes water and air, work places, housing, roads, nature, schools, recreation settings and exposure to hazards

36
Q

low birth weight

A

low: under 2500
very low: under 1500
extremely low: under 1000

37
Q

foetal alcohol syndrome

A

excessive consumption of alcohol
low birth weight, thin upper lip, smaller eyes, heart defects
learning difficulties, poor memory

38
Q

spina bifida

A

NTD

abnormal development of the brain and spinal cord, protrudes out the back

39
Q

low birth weight impacts on health

A

under-developed immune system: risk of infection
respiratory conditions
jaundice
apnoea

40
Q

FAS impacts on health

A

impaired brain development

under-nourishment of growing baby: low birth weight, under-developed organs

41
Q

spina bifida impacts on health

A

paralysed: trouble with daily tasks
damaged nerves: moderate to severe disabilities
hydrocephalus (build up of fluid in brain)

42
Q

low birth weight risk factors

A

multiple pregnancy
maternal age (45)
premature birth
poor maternal nutrition

43
Q

FAS risk factors

A

maternal alcohol consumption

44
Q

spina bifida risk factors

A

maternal nutrition: lack of folate

genetics, family history

45
Q

low birth weight protective factors

A

single pregnancy
antenatal healthcare
maternal nutrition

46
Q

FAS protective factors

A

maternal abstinence from alcohol

47
Q

spina bifida protective factors

A

maternal nutrition: intake of folate

48
Q

low birth weight strategies

A

Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies program

49
Q

FAS strategies

A

avoid alcohol

Drink Wise Australia

50
Q

spina bifida strategies

A

folic acid supplements
Spina Bifida Foundation Victoria
Food standards: folate in bread

51
Q

example of biological

A

genetics: cystic fibrosis

52
Q

example of behavioural

A

maternal nutrition: folate

alcohol use

53
Q

example of social

A

access to healthcare: antenatal health

54
Q

example of physical environment

A

tobacco smoke in home

HHD U1/2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions