outcome 1b unit 3

Question 1

3 factors contributing to health and definitions

Answer 1

• Biological: Factors relating to the body and how it functions.
• Sociocultural: Social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age.
• Environment: The physical surroundings in which people live, work and play.

Question 2

males vs females

Answer 2

Females overall have better health status, however they do have higher rates of osteoporosis, arthritis and core activity limitation (communication, mobility and self care).
Males have:
Lower life expectancy (4 years)
Higher burden of disease rates
Lower health adjusted life expectancy
HIgher CVD prevalence
Higher cancer incidence
More injuries and deaths associated with suicide, road trauma and violence.

Question 3

indigenous vs nonindigenous

Answer 3

Indigenous VS Non-Indigenous
Overall Indigenous have:
Lower life expectancy (10 years)
Lower health adjusted life expectancy
Higher mortality rates
More psychological distress

Question 4

what is SES?

Answer 4

Socioeconomic status refers to a person standing in society measured by education attained, employment type and income.
Most advantages = High SES
Least advantaged = Low SES

Question 5

High VS Low SES

Answer 5

High VS Low SES
Low SES have:
Lower life expectancy (3 years)
Higher mortality rates
Twice the rate of mental and behavioural problems
The wealthier you are, the healthier you are

Question 6

Living inside VS Living outside major cities

Answer 6

Life expectancy decreases as remoteness increases.
Higher rates of burden of disease
Higher mortality rates
Higher rates of preventable cancers (lung, melanoma, cervical)

Question 7

biological factors affecting health 5

Answer 7

• Body weight
• Glucose Regulation
• high blood pressure
• Birth Weight
• Genetics - sex/hormones

Question 8

sociocultural factors affecting health status 6

Answer 8

• SES
• Employment
• Social Connections
• Cultural influences
• Access to health care
• Early life experiences

Question 9

environmental factors infleucning health status 3

Answer 9

Housing

Work Environment

Urban design and infrastructure

Question 10

smoking 8 points

Answer 10

• Chemicals in tobacco increase blood pressure, speed up the process of atherosclerosis, increasing risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Tobacco smoke can cause faults in cells as they reproduce leading to many types of cancer.
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight babies
• Exposure to tobacco smoke in early life, including in-utero, increases the risk of asthma.
• Smoking damages airways and increases risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Lowers immune system functioning increasing risk of infectious diseases
• Many forms of cancer
• Cardiovascular disease

Question 11

alcohol 6 points

Answer 11

• Contains energy so consumption can lead to weight gain.
• Alcohol is filtered through the liver so can contribute to Cirrhosis (scarring of tissue, damaging functioning) of the liver.
• The liver processes the blood that has taken the nutrients from your stomach and intestines and then processes it for your body.
• Alcohol can increase risk of mental health issues.
• Increases probability of violence as well as road trauma including death
• Affects unborn baby (FASD)

Question 12

high body mass index (High BMI)
6 points

Answer 12

• BMI is calculated by combining height in cm and mass in kg.
  Increased risk in some cancers (breast and colorectal cancer)
• Decreases ability of cells to metabolise glucose, impacting glucose regulation
• Extra strain on joints
• Increased risk of asthma for children
• Can result in anxiety and depression
• Increased prevalence of diabetes

Question 13

fat

Answer 13

Fat is energy dense therefore contributes to weight gain and all health consequences of being overweight and obesity.
Fats are essential in diets so should not be excluded.

High proportion of fatty foods is processed foods (cakes chocolate and fried food)
Vegetables and fruits = nutrient dense
Chocolate and processed foods = energy dense

Question 14

2 good fats and 2 bad fats

Answer 14

Fats are essential in diets so should not be excluded.
Better fats - monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

Question 15

how does hgh intake of fat effect health

Answer 15

Saturated and trans fats increase LDL cholesterol which contributes to CVD
Saturated and trans fats decrease HDL cholesterol contributing to CVD
Saturated and trans fat increase the impact of impaired glucose regulation which increases the likelihood of developing diabetes.
Saturated and trans fats increase the risk of bowel cancer

Question 16

salt/sodium

Answer 16

Salt is essential in the diet however Australians consume a lot more than they need.
Salt preserves food - so most things with a ‘long shelf life’ contain salt.

Question 17

how does salt affect health

Answer 17

Increased risk of hypertension (high blood pressure)
Increased risk of CVD, stroke, osteoporosis
Salt does not cause weight gain

Question 18

sugar

Answer 18

Sugar is a type of Carbohydrate
Sugars are energy dense - a high intake contributes to obesity as excess energy consumed is stored as body fat.

Question 19

how does sugar affect health

Answer 19

Sugar feeds mouth bacteria - producing acid which contributes to dental caries and gum disease.

Question 20

under consumption of vegetables/fruit

Answer 20

• Body recieved insufficent amount of vitamins like vtamin c which promotes a healthy immune sysrem reducing the risk of some cancers.
• causes you to miss out on antidioxidants which decrease imapct of free radicals which contribute to cancer.

Question 21

under consumption of dairy 2

Answer 21

calcium allows the formation of body tissue.
underconsumption increases:
osteoporosis
type 2 diabetes

Question 22

underconsumption of fibre

Answer 22

fibre allows body to feel full, insufficient fibre can cause higher rates of obesity and risk of high choleserol = cvd

Question 23

underconsumption of iron

Answer 23

causes anaemia which is tiredness and energy