outcome 1a unit 3 Flashcards
What is health status?
Health status is an individuals or populations overall level of healthm taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amoutn of disability, levels of disease risk factors
what is self assessed health status
An indicator that reflects a person’s perception of his or her own health and wellbeing at a given point.
Life expectancy
an indictaion of how long a person can expect to live, if death rates do not change.
health adjusted life expectancy
The number of years is full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
what is mortality?
Mortality refers to deaths, particularly in a population. The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.
infant mortality rate
under 5 mortality rate
What is it measured out of
Infant mortality is death before a 1st birthday.
IMR is the number of deaths in a population per 1000, live births before 1st birthday.
IMR of 87, means that 87 out of 1000 births (where they were alive when they were born), died before their first birthday.
Rate allows for comparison to take place.
Under 5 mortality is death before 5th birthday.
U5MR of 109 means that out of 1000 live births, 109 children did not reach their 5th birthday.
maternal mortality rates
Refers to the number of deaths of women due to pregnancy or childbirth-related complications up to 6 weeks after delivery.
morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
2 measures of morbidity + explanations
- prevalence: the number or proportion of cases of a particalr disease or condition in a population at a given time.
- incidence: the number or rate of NEW cases of a particular disease during a period of time.
burden of disease
How is it measured?
measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disability and disease.
- Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the disability adjusted life year (DALY).
- One DALY = one year of life lost due to premature death or the equivalent time of healthy years lost as a result of living with disease or disability.
what is YLL
Years of life lost is the fatal component of DALY
Each YLL represetns one year lost due to premature death.
MORTALITY
what is YLD
(Years of life lost due to disability)
The non-fatal component of DALY
Each YLD represents one year of healthy life lost due to living in less than optimal health.
MORBIDITY
5 dimensions of health
physical
social
spiritual
emotional
mental
physical health and wellbeing
6 points
- functioning of body systems
- ability to perform daily activities
- regular physical activitt
- aoproritae sleep
- balanced diet
- maintain ideal body weught with absence of disease/injury
social health and wellbeing
5 points
- form meaningful relationships
- adapt to different social situations
- support within a community
- be a contributing member of society.
- strong communciation skills
spiritual health and wellbeing
4 points
- ideals, beliefs, values
- concepts of hope and peace
- organised relgion
- purpose in life with connection or belonging
emotional health and wellbeing
4 points
- ability to express feelings in a positive way
- positive management of emotional reactions
- ability to display resilience
- feeling emotionally secure
mental health and wellbeing
- mind and brain
- ability to process information
- form opinions and make decisions
- associated with low levels of stress and anxiety
4 feelings
- happy
- healthy
- capable
- engaged
What is health and wellbeing
The state of a persons PHYSICAL SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MENTAL and SPIRITUAL existence is characterised by an equilibrium in which the person feels HAPPY HEALTHY CAPABLE and ENGAGED
illness
illness is a more subjective concept related to personal experience or a disease, it could relate to a range of factors including age, past experiences and pain threshold. It is how a person experiences an injury or condition.
dynamic
1 example
Continually changing
The health of an individual can and will change, sometimes better, sometimes worse.
a person who is stressed may go for a walk to relieve that stress
Inter-relationships between dimensions of health and wellbeing
When all dimensions are as good as they can be, health and wellbeing is said to be optimal. Each dimension affects each other. A change in one may lead to a change in another.
what are prerequistites
what are the 9
(people should eat food including some sustainable salad everyday)
Prerequisites are the basic conditions and resources that must be available if gains in health are to occur.
- peace
- shelter
- food
- income
- stable ecosystem
- sustainable resources
- social justice
- equity
peace
the absense of conflicr within a community, region or country.
shelter
a structure that proives protection from the outside environment.
education
ensuring all children ca complete primary/secondary schooling which can help develop skills to gain meaningful employment.
food
- ingest appropritae nutrients
- food secruity
- all person obtain nutritionally adequeate, safe and regular food through local non-emergency sources.
income
ability to access adequate financial resources to have a decent standard of living.
a stable ecosystem
a stable ecosystem occurs when balance is acheived between the environment and the species within.
- planet and animals source food and work (agriculture)
- clean water
- Medicine is sourced from natural environments
-human shelter comes from natural materials
sustainable resources
relate to ensuring that the resources used to protomote health and wellbeing in the present are availabel for future generations , so they too can experience a good quality of life.
resources like food and clean water shoudl be used in sustainable manner.
social justice
Fair treatment for all people regardless of characteristics. (= rights for all)
Fair access to housing, education, work and community involvement. Equal treatment under the legal/justice system.
equity
those who are disadvanates should be given the opportunitt to participate in life on a level playing field.
individuals and optimal health
3 benefits
Earn Income
Live a full and healthy life
Ability to work and support self and family
national optimal health ‘
3
Exercise
National - If all people in Australia experience optimal health it can have effects like:
Increased social participation
Health system savings
Increased life expectancy
global optimal health
3
if everyone, everywhere, experience optimal health it can have effects like:
Population can continue to increase
Social development
Peace and stability
