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3rd Year Infection > Outbreak > Flashcards

Outbreak Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Hospital Acquired infection?

A 
Infection in healthcare 
Commonly:
Urine
Post-surgical
Respiratory
Skin
Sickness/diarrhoea
Central venous catheter
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2
Q

How do Hospital Acquired infections present?

A

Being in hospital for >48hrs

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3
Q

How is an Outbreak defined?

A

2 or more cases of an infection linked by time and place

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4
Q

What is the chain of infection?

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
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5
Q

What are reservoirs of infection?

A 
Humans
Equipment
Environment
Food
Animals
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6
Q

What are portals of exit?

A

Blood and body fluids
Skin scales/wound
Coughing and sneezing

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7
Q

What are modes of transmission?

A

Direct/indirect
Inhalation
Ingestion

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8
Q

What are portals of entry?

A 
Skin/surgical sites
Eyes/mouth
Respiratory tract
Intestinal tract
Tubes
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9
Q

Who are susceptible hosts?

A

Underdeveloped immune system
Decreasing immune system
Drugs or diseases
Tubes

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10
Q

How can the chain of infection be broken?

A

Hygiene
Infection control policies
Pest control

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11
Q

How can the susceptible host be removed from the chain of infection?

A

Immunisations
Treat underlying disease
Health insurance
Patient education

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12
Q

How can the portal of exit be removed from the chain of infection?

A 
Hand hygiene
PPE
Control of aerosols and splatter
Respiratory etiquette
Waste disposal
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13
Q

How can the mode of transmission be removed from the chain of infection?

A 
Hand hygiene 
PPE
Food safety
Cleanliness
Isolation
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14
Q

What are the transmission based precautions?

A 
Droplet 
Gloves
Aprons
Masks
Eye protection
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15
Q

How can the infectious agent be removed from the chain of infection?

A

Diagnosis and Treatment

Antimicrobial stewardships

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16
Q

What is a droplet?

A

> 5um

Drops to ground

17
Q

What is an aerosol?

A

<5um

Suspended in air

18
Q

What is cleaning?

A

Physical removal of organic material and decrease in microbial load

19
Q

What is disinfection?

A

Large reduction in microbe numbers - spores may remain

20
Q

What is sterilisation?

A

Removal/Destruction of ALL microbes and spores

21
Q

What are the methods of disinfection?

A

Heat

Chemical

22
Q

What are the methods of sterilisation?

A

Autoclave
Hot air oven
Gas
Ionising radiation

23
Q

What is surveillance?

A

Local

National

24
Q

What pathogens require national surveillance in Scotland?

A 
MRSA bacteremia 
MSSA bacteremia
C. diff
Surgical site infections
E. coli bacteremia

3rd Year Infection (16 decks)

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