Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd Year Infection > Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Booklet > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Booklet Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration?

A

The minimum concentration of antimicrobial needed to inhibit visible growth of a given organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Minimal bactericidal concentration?

A

The minimum concentration of the antimicrobial needed to kill a given organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main sites of antibiotic action?

A
  1. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
  2. Inhibition of protein synthesis
  3. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What antibiotics Inhibit of cell wall synthesis?

A

Beta lactams

Glycopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the action of penacillins and cephalosporins?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What antibiotics make up the beta lactams?

A

penacillins and cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What enzymes are involved with the action of penicillin and cephalosporin?

A

Penicillin-binding proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What antibiotics make up the glycopeptides?

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glycopeptides are effective against what?

A

Gram positive organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vancomycin and Teicoplanin are used against what?

A

Gram positive organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What risk is associated with Vancomycin?

A

Toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Macrolides and Tetracyclines
  • Oxazolidinones (Linezolid)
  • Cyclic Lipopeptide (Daptomycin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gentamicin is what type of antibiotic?

A

Aminoglycoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does gentamicin affect bacteria?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aminoglycosides/Gentamicin are typically used in the treatment of what?

A

Serious Gram negative infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Macrolides and Tetracyclines are used in what?

A

Gram +ve infections in penicillin allergic patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Daptomycin works how? When is it indicated?

A

Daptomicin Inhibits protein synthesis

Gram +ves especially MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole work?

A

Inhibit Nucleic acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the indications and contraindications of ciprofloxacin?

A

Gram -ve organisms

not used in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the common mechanisms of bacterial resistance?

A

Intrinsic resistance

Acquired resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the mechanisms of acquired bacterial resistance?

A

Spontaneous mutation

Species - species spread via plasmids or transposons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the mechanisms of Resistance to b–lactam antibiotics?

A

Production of beta-lactamase

Alteration of penicillin binding protein target site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which beta-lactam antibiotics can be used in beta-lactamase producing bacteria i.e. Staph aureus?

A

Co-amoxiclav (beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid)

Flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MRSA is resistant to what?

A

All penicillins and cephalosporins

25
Q

What is the impact of Extended spectum beta-lactamases?

A

Produced by some gram -ve bacteria

Renders them immune to all Beta-lactam agents

26
Q

What agents fall under ‘Beta-lactams’?

A

Penicillins and Cephalosporins

27
Q

Outline the main classes of antibiotics

A

B-lactams (Cephalosporins and Penicillins)

Aminoglycosides

Glycopeptides

Macrolides

Quinolones

28
Q

Name 3 penicillins and their uses

A

Benzyl penicillin - IV use in

Amoxicillin - streptococci

Co-amoxiclav - β-lactamase producing coliforms

Flucloxacillin - Staph

Piperacillin - Pseudomonas

Carbapenems - Broad spec

29
Q

Name a cephalosporin and its use

A

Ceftriaxone

Ceftazidime

Increase risk of Clostridium difficile

30
Q

Name 2 Glycopeptides and their uses?

A

Parenteral use only

Vancomycin - (Monitor as toxic)

Teicoplanin

Use in gram positives

31
Q

Name 2 Macrolides and their uses?

A

Clarithromycin/Erythromycin - alternative to penicillin in gram positives

Azythromycin - Chlamydia

32
Q

Name 2 Quinolones and their uses?

A

Wide action against gram negative bacteria

Pseudomonas

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

33
Q

What is the indication for metronidazole?

A

Gram -ve and +ve anaerobes

34
Q

What is the indication for fusidic acid?

A

Used with flucloxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus

35
Q

What is the indication for Trimethoprim?

A

Urinary Tract infections

36
Q

What are the main drugs which confer a risk of Clostridium difficile infection?

A

Clindamycin

Cephalosporins

Co-amoxiclav

Ciprofloxacin

37
Q

Outline the use of Tetracyclines?

A

Broad spectrum

Teratogenic

38
Q

Outline the use of Clindamycin?

A

Very good tissue penetration vs gram +ves

Risk C. diff

39
Q

Outline the use of Linezolid?

A

Use vs MRSA

Bone marrow suppression

40
Q

Outline the use of Daptomycin?

A

MRSA

41
Q

What antibiotics are used in treatment of C. difficile infection?

A

Vancomycin

Metronidazole

42
Q

What antibiotics are indicated in use for Urinary tract infections?

A

Nalidixic acid

Nitrofurantoin

Trimethoprim

43
Q

Give 5 side effects of antibiotic use?

A

Allergy - Immediate -or- delayed

GI

Thrush

Liver toxicity

Renal toxicity

Neurotoxicity

Haemotoxicity

44
Q

Hepatotoxicity is associated with which antimicrobials?

A

Tetracycline

Flucloxacillin

Isoniazid and Rifampicin

45
Q

Renal toxicity is associated with which antimicrobials?

A

PMH renal disease

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)

Vancomycin

46
Q

Neuro toxicity is associated with which antimicrobials?

A

Hearing - Aminoglycosides, vancomycin

Vision - Ethambutol

Encephalopathy

Peripheral neuropathy

47
Q

When should combination antimicrobial therapy be considered?

A

Mixed infection

Synergistic effects

Avoiding resistant strains - TV, HIV

48
Q

Which antibiotics should have levels monitored for toxicity?

A

Vancomycin

Gentamicin

49
Q

What are the functions of the laboratory in antimicrobial use?

A

Advice

Efficacy and toxicity

Susceptibility test (Automated, E test)

50
Q

What are the main classes of Anti-fungal drugs?

A

Polyenes

Azoles

Allylamines

Echinocandins

51
Q

Outline the use of Polyenes

A

Amphotericin B - serious fungal infections, toxic

Nystatin - topical fungal infections

52
Q

Outline the use of Azoles

A

Fluclonazole - yeast infections

Itraconazole and Voriconazole - aspergillosis

53
Q

Outline the use of Allylamines

A

Terbafine - skin/nail fungal infections

54
Q

Outline the use of Echinocandins

A

Serious Candida and Aspergillus infections

55
Q

What drgug is indicated in HSV and Varicella zoster virus?

A

Aciclovir

56
Q

Outline the use of Anti-herpes drugs?

A

Aciclovir, Famciclovir - HSV, Varicella

Ganciclovir - infections in the immunocompromised

Valganciclovir - CMV

Foscarnet

57
Q

Outline the use of Anti-HIV drugs?

A

AZT (nucleoside analogue)

2 nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors

plus either:

  • non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
  • Protease inhibitor
58
Q

Outline the use of Hep B/C drugs?

A

Interferon-a(lpha) - serious side effects

Lamivudine

3rd Year Infection (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions