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3rd Year Infection > Immunisation and Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary response to infection?

A

Slower, smaller

IgG and IgM roughly equal

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2
Q

What is the secondary response to infection?

A

Faster, larger

IgG much higher than IgM

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3
Q

How do Killed and Live vaccines differ?

A

Live is one dose with a huge immune response

Killed is a smaller response needing multiple doses

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4
Q

What are the main types of vaccines?

A

Live attenuated
Inactivated/killed
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of microorganism

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5
Q

Name 2 killed vaccines?

A

Polio
Hep A
Rabies
Influenza

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6
Q

Name 2 live attenuated vaccines?

A

MMR
BCG
Smallpox
Varicella-zoster

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7
Q

How are detoxified vaccines made?

A

Toxin is treated with formalin to form Toxoid

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8
Q

Name 2 subunit attenuated vaccines?

A

Pertussis
Hep B
H. influenzae type B

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9
Q

What is the infant immunisation schedule?

A

2 months: 6 in 1, pneumococcus, rotavirus, meningitis B
3 months: 6 in 1 + rotavirus
4 months: 6 in 1 + pneumococcal + men B

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10
Q

What is the 6-in-1 vaccine

A 
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
H. influenzae type B
Hepatitis B
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11
Q

What is the target coverage needed for herd immunity?

A

90-95%

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12
Q

What immunisations are indicated for special patient/occupation groups?

A

BCG
Flu
Hep B
Varicella-zoster, herpes zoster

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13
Q

When is BCG indicated?

A

Healthcare workers
Infants in high incidence areas/family from high incidence
Contact with TB patients

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14
Q

Give 3 indications for flu vaccine

A 
Age >65 years
Nursing home residents
Some health care workers
Immunodeficiency, 
Immunosuppression
Asplenia/hyposplenism
Chronic liver disease 
Chronic renal disease
Chronic cardiac disease
Chronic lung disease
Diabetes mellitus 
Coeliac disease
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15
Q

What vaccines are offered for pneumococcus?

A 
Pneumococcal conjugate (childhood, 3 doses)
Pneumococcal polysaccharide (increased risk patient, single dose)
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16
Q

Give 3 indications for Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine?

A 
Immunodeficiency 
Immunosuppression
Asplenia/hyposplenism
Sickle cell disease
Chronic liver disease 
Chronic renal disease
Chronic cardiac disease
Chronic lung disease
Diabetes mellitus
17
Q

Give 3 indications for hep B vaccine?

A 
All newborn children
Children at high risk
Healthcare workers 
IVDA 
MSM
18
Q

Give 3 indications for Varicella-zoster vaccine?

A

Immunosuppression
Children at risk
Healthcare workers

19
Q

What is the indication for Shingles vaccine?

A

70-80y/os

20
Q

What passive immunisations with Ig are given?

A

Human normal immunoglobulin

Disease specific immunoglobulin

21
Q

Human normal immunoglobulin is indicated for what?

A

Ig deficiencies
Hep A, rubella, measles
Autoimmune diseases

22
Q

Disease specific immunoglobulin is indicated for what?

A 
Post-exposure 
Hep B
Rabies
Tetanus 
Varicella zoster 
Diphtheria/Botulinium anti-toxin
23
Q

What should be assessed in a risk assessment for infection in travellers?

A 
Traveller health
Previous immunisation
Area to be visited
Duration of visit
Accommodation
Activities
Recent outbreaks
24
Q

Give 3 sources of information for a patient travelling and their risk of infection

A

BNF
Immunisation Against Infectious disease
CDC
Schools of Tropical Medicine

25
Q

What common immunisations are given to travellers?

A 
Tetanus
Polio
Typhoid
Hepatitis A
Yellow fever
Cholera
26
Q

What are the main types of prophylaxis?

A

Chemoprophylaxis against malaria
PEP
HIV PEP
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis

27
Q

What is the ABCD of malaria prevention?

A

A - Awareness of risk
B - Bite prevention
C - Chemoprophylaxis
D - Diagnosis and treatment

28
Q

How can mosquito bites be prevented?

A

Cover up at dawn and dusk
Insect repellant
Mosquito coils, nets

29
Q

What Chemoprophylaxis is indicated against malaria?

A

Malarone
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Chloroquine + Proquanil

30
Q

What malarial advice is given to patients returning from travel?

A

Any illness within 1 year (esp. first 3 months) may be malaria
Seek medical attention if ill in first 3 months

3rd Year Infection (16 decks)

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