Ottoman

Question 1

battle of manzikert

Answer 1

This was a very important battle that turned the tide because the Seljuk Turks conquered the Byzantines.

Question 2

Rum sultanate

Answer 2

A state in the Ottoman Empire ruled by a group of Central Asian Turks (not Seljuks).

Question 3

seljuk turks

Answer 3

The Seljuks were a nomadic band of people from Central Asia. They played a central role in both the Crusades and the Ottoman Empire.

Question 4

ghazi

Answer 4

A ghazi was a frontier warrior for Islam

Question 5

tariqa

Answer 5

A tariqa was a brotherhood in the sufi religion. Different tariqas had different beliefs about how to establish their relationship with God.

Question 6

Mongols

Answer 6

The Mongols were a nomadic group of people that originated in Central Asia. In 1258 they took over Baghdad. By the 1300’s they had destroyed the Rum sultanate

Question 7

devshirme

Answer 7

The devshirme was the “harvest of boys”. The sultan’s officials went into Christian villages and took the strongest and smartest boys to train to be the sultan’s highest officials. Some were trained to be Janissary Corps.

Question 8

janissary corps

Answer 8

Boys from the devshirme were trained to be an elite military force called the Janissary Corps.

Question 9

safavids

Answer 9

The safavids were Persian shi’ite Muslims.

Question 10

knights of saint john

Answer 10

The Knights of St. John, also known as the Knights Hospitaller, were established after the First Crusade to protect and treat Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. They were recognizable by their black or red surcoat with a white cross. Like fighting monks.

Question 11

World War 1

Answer 11

It ended the empire. The Ottomans were on
the losing side of the war and lost all of their territory to Britain, France, Russia and the US. In 1922 the empire became the modern day country of Turkey.

Question 12

anatolian steppe

Answer 12

a high flat plain also known as asia minor

Question 13

Balkan Peninsula

Answer 13

a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe.

Question 14

bursa

Answer 14

A city in Northwestern Turkey

Question 15

Constantinople/Istanbul

Answer 15

The Byzantine Capital up until it was taken over by the Seljuks

Question 16

bosporus

Answer 16

A straight in Turkey that separates Europe and Asia.

Question 17

Suleymaniye Mosque

Answer 17

A mosque located in Istanbul dedicated to Suleiman the Magnificent.

Question 18

Topkapi Palace

Answer 18

A palace in Istanbul that was the main residence of Ottoman Sultans for many years.

Question 19

Mehmed II (aka Mehmet the Conqueror)

Answer 19

Mehmed II was a child sultan whose dream was to conquer Constantinople. He achieved this goal.

Question 20

Osman

Answer 20

The starter of the Ottoman Empire. Achieved a foothold in Bursa and conquered a lot of land.Was a tariqa leader.

Question 21

Orhan

Answer 21

Was Osman’s son. Organized leader who followed in his father’s footsteps and expanded the empire a lot.

Question 22

Hagia Sophia

Answer 22

First a church, then a mosque. In Istanbul.

Question 23

Suleyman (the Magnificent)

Answer 23

A great sultan for the Ottomans. Empire reached its Golden Age under his rule.

Question 24

shaykh al Islam

Answer 24

Islamic leader

Question 25

grand vizier

Answer 25

the prime minister, usually second in command after the Sultan.

Question 26

ibrahim (pasha)

Answer 26

Suleyman’s best friend, advisor and grand vizier.

Question 27

Hurrem/Roxelana

Answer 27

One of Suleiman’s wives. Cunning. Was jealous of Suleiman’s favorite son and best friend so got him to murder them b/c of “treachery”.

Question 28

Abdulhemid II

Answer 28

the last Ottoman Sultan. He was deposed in 1907. He died in exile in Italy.

Question 29

Kemal Ataturk

Answer 29

first president of the Republic of Turkey, “Ataturk” means “father of the Turks.” He was instrumental in making Turkey a secular (not religious), modern and European-like country. (but not without much difficulty and violence)

Question 30

sultanate

Answer 30

a land ruled by a sultan (or ruler)

Question 31

1071

Answer 31

Battle of Manzikert

Question 32

1453

Answer 32

Constantinople taken over and changed to Istanbul

Question 33

1922

Answer 33

Ottoman Empire finally done - Republic of Turkey starts

Question 34

1907

Answer 34

Last Ottoman Sultan dethroned

Question 35

What happens after Suleyman?

Answer 35

A string of incompetent sultans

Question 36

How did the Ottoman Empire die?

Answer 36

Suleyman became depressed and just didn’t seem to care. The janissary became lazy, wanted things (wealth, land, and families), and didn’t want to change (so their weapons became old fashioned). The army deteriorates. There was a long string of terrible sultans. Europe started to go to North and South America (by accident) and leaves the Ottomans. The Ottomans became known as the “sick man” of Europe and were defeated. The Republic of Turkey took over. Also, the price of silver goes down because the Europeans discovered the USA in 1492- so less business for the Ottomans!