otoscopy and history taking

Question 1

what are the six things to look for on otoscopy of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 1

colour- pearly white (normal) erythematous ( inflammation)
rupture- how many, how big , where 
scarring 
cholestatoma 
light reflex
buldging  - otisis media

Question 2

meaning of following ending 
sialon -
aden-
ectasis
lithos
xeros
stoma

Answer 2

saliva

gland 
distention
stone
dry
mouth

Question 3

causes of conductive deafness

Answer 3

cerumen (earwax)
osteomata (bone growth)
congential absence of ext auditory canal
glue ear 
haemotypanum 
dislocation of ossicles 
otosclerosis - ossification o stapes 
ruptured drum
otitits media and externa
cholesteatomata

Question 4

causes of sensornueral deafines

Answer 4

damage to chcoclea 
hair cells
cochlear nerve
ototoxicity 
meineres 
tumour -schwannoma

Question 5

tuning fork Hz

Answer 5

512

Question 6

causes of tinnitus

Answer 6

acoustic neuroma
stroke
MS
aspirin

Question 7

worry with sudden unilateral hearing loss

Answer 7

acoustic neuroma

send for MRI

Question 8

management of hearing loss

Answer 8

send for hearing tests -audiogram

maybe MRI if indicative of impaired nerve development or tumour

Question 9

management of tinnitus

Answer 9

reassurance

masking techniques MRI only if tumour suspected

Question 10

causes of otorrhoea

Answer 10

infective - otitis media and externa
chronic Otitis media –> cholestestoma
non-infective- wax - CSF HEAD TRAUMA, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis