nose

Question 1

rhinosinitus

Answer 1

inflammatory resoonse involving mucus membranesrarely affects children as sinuses not fully developed

Question 2

symptoms

Answer 2

nasal discharge or nasal obstruction congestion
also may be facial pain pressure
altered nasal senses

Question 3

endoscopic signs

Answer 3

polyp
odema
discharge

Question 4

subtypes

Answer 4

<4 weeks acure
4-12 subacute
chronic 12 weeks plus
recurrent 4 episodes annual

Question 5

causes

LRTI

Answer 5

acute s pneumonia
h influenza
m catarrhlasis

chronic
coagulase negative staph
gram neg
coronaviruses

Question 6

management of acute

Answer 6

amoxicillin doxycycline erhytromycin
longer than 7 days co-amoxiclav
decongestants- otrivine 
antihistamine -lratidine
facial pack and fluid

Question 7

chronic management

Answer 7

steroid s[ray such as fluticasone

beclomethasome

Question 8

complication of cute

Answer 8

periorbital cellulitis
chander classification
diplopia
protssis
colour blindiness 5 grades from presetal to orbital (stage 2 ) canerous thrombosis (5)

Question 9

allergic rhinitis

Answer 9

watery eye 
sheezing 
nasal secretion
conjuctivitus as well
sinsisuitis 

(conjuctivitus plus runny nose and sneezing)
ige mediated
manage wth anti histamines

Question 10

epistaxis is what

Answer 10

nosebleed

very common

Question 11

causes

Answer 11

trauma-nose picking, injury, prevoous srugery
irritation e.g. repetivie blowing of nose
congestion

Question 12

whats the name of complex at front of nose

Answer 12

Kiesselbach’s

Question 13

other causes

Answer 13

hypertension
warfarin
aspirin (meds causing bleeding )
bleeding disoders-clotting disorder in familarhy

Question 14

diagnosis

Answer 14

clinical
can do bloods
consider transfusion of a lot
CT if suspected head facila injury of tumour

Question 15

what would be more indicative of a tumour

Answer 15

otalgia (earache)
deep
facial pain

Question 16

management

Answer 16

stop bleeding put pressure
pinch and lean forward
avoid hot and cold compresses which wil trigger vasodilation and constririon
can use nasal package - nose tampon
cauterisation of vessels- silver nitrate and alkaline burn

Question 17

consideration in history taking

Answer 17

triggers e.g. cld weather duration frequency

trauma!

Question 18

anterior vs posterior

Answer 18

anterior -uninasal

posterior- both and down throat

Question 19

consideration in young men

Answer 19

nasopharngeal angifibroma so ask about anomsia rhinorhea headache obstruction rare benign tumour