OTOLARYNGOLOGY Flashcards
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Midline and seems to be connected to the tongue
Make sure there is normal thyroid function using a radionuclide scan before you take it out
Branchial cleft cyst
Anterior edge of sternomastoid muscle
Lymphoma
Young people with multiple enlarged nodes in the neck and other areas
Low grade fevers and night sweats
Metastatic tumor to supraclavicular nodes
Mets are from below the clavicles (lung, intraabdominal)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Mucosa of head and neck
Old men who smoke and drink with rotten teeth
Don’t do open biopsy of the neck mass - will interfere with surgical approach later on
Might have persistent hoarseness, painless ulcers in the floor of the mouth, persistent unilateral earache
Acoustic neuromas
Adults with sensory hearing loss in one ear
MRI for diagnosis
Facial nerve tumor
Gradual unilateral facial nerve paralysis - both FOREHEAD and LOWER FACE affected
Gadolinium enhanced MRI
Parotid tumors
Pleomorphic adenoma - potential for malignant degeneration with no pain or facial nerve paralysis
Parotid cancer - hard parotid mass that is painful/paralysis
Open biopsy is a NO - do fine needle aspiration first
Do superficial parotidectomy for treatment - enucleation will lead to recurrence
Ludwig angina
Abscess of floor of mouth (tooth infection)
Threat is in the airway - emergency
Bell’s palsy
Sudden paralysis of CN VII for no reason
Use antivirals, steroids
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
DIPLOPIA - paralyzed extrinsic eye muscles
Frontal/ethmoid sinusitis
Hospitalization, IV abx, CT/MRI, drainage
Epistaxis
Children - picking their nose - anterior septum bleed - tx with phenylephrine spray
Adolescent - cocaine abuse or juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Elderly - HTN –> deadly nosebleeds
Meniere disease
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss
Tx with diuretics