OTOLARYNGOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroglossal duct cyst

A

Midline and seems to be connected to the tongue

Make sure there is normal thyroid function using a radionuclide scan before you take it out

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2
Q

Branchial cleft cyst

A

Anterior edge of sternomastoid muscle

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3
Q

Lymphoma

A

Young people with multiple enlarged nodes in the neck and other areas

Low grade fevers and night sweats

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4
Q

Metastatic tumor to supraclavicular nodes

A

Mets are from below the clavicles (lung, intraabdominal)

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5
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Mucosa of head and neck

Old men who smoke and drink with rotten teeth
Don’t do open biopsy of the neck mass - will interfere with surgical approach later on

Might have persistent hoarseness, painless ulcers in the floor of the mouth, persistent unilateral earache

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6
Q

Acoustic neuromas

A

Adults with sensory hearing loss in one ear

MRI for diagnosis

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7
Q

Facial nerve tumor

A

Gradual unilateral facial nerve paralysis - both FOREHEAD and LOWER FACE affected

Gadolinium enhanced MRI

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8
Q

Parotid tumors

A

Pleomorphic adenoma - potential for malignant degeneration with no pain or facial nerve paralysis

Parotid cancer - hard parotid mass that is painful/paralysis

Open biopsy is a NO - do fine needle aspiration first

Do superficial parotidectomy for treatment - enucleation will lead to recurrence

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9
Q

Ludwig angina

A

Abscess of floor of mouth (tooth infection)

Threat is in the airway - emergency

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10
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Sudden paralysis of CN VII for no reason

Use antivirals, steroids

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11
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

DIPLOPIA - paralyzed extrinsic eye muscles

Frontal/ethmoid sinusitis

Hospitalization, IV abx, CT/MRI, drainage

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12
Q

Epistaxis

A

Children - picking their nose - anterior septum bleed - tx with phenylephrine spray

Adolescent - cocaine abuse or juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Elderly - HTN –> deadly nosebleeds

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13
Q

Meniere disease

A

Vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss

Tx with diuretics

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