OPHTHALMOLOGY

Question 1

Amblyopia

Strabismus

Answer 1

Amblyopia - interference of processing of images by the brain… brain suppresses one image and then the suppressed eye has permanent cortical blindness

Strabismus - reflection from a light comes from different areas of the cornea in each eye… surgical fix
Strabismus hasn’t always been there? Likely exaggerated convergence (refractory difficulties)… glasses fix

Question 2

Acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 2

Severe eye pain or frontal headache

Halos around lights
Eye feels hard as a rock

Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Topical beta blockers
Alpha 2 selective agonists
Mannitol
Pilocarpine

Question 3

Orbital cellulitis

Answer 3

Surgical emergency

Eyelids pried open –> dilated and fixed pupil with limited range of motion

Pus in the orbit that needs to be drained

Eyelids are hot, tender, red, swollen… patient is febrile

Question 4

Retinal detachment

Answer 4

Flashes of light and floaters in the eye

Question 5

Embolic occlusion of retinal artery

Answer 5

Elderly patient with sudden vision loss in one eye

Patient breathe into paper bag and someone press hard on the eye to release it while in transit to the ED - trying to vasodilate and shake the clot into distal location