Others Drugs Flashcards
What is DAPSONE?
4’ - diaminodiphenyl/sulfone
DAPSONE is an antibiotic used primarily to treat leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of DAPSONE?
Myeloperoxidase enzyme system inhibition and alteration of neutrophilic function through chemotaxis
This mechanism affects the inflammatory response and immune function.
What is the typical dosage range for DAPSONE?
25-150 mg daily, starting at a lower dose and then slowly increasing
Dosage adjustments are important to minimize side effects.
What genetic deficiency can cause increased hemolysis when using DAPSONE?
Genetic deficiency of enzyme G6PD (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
Patients with this deficiency are at risk for hemolytic anemia when taking certain drugs, including DAPSONE.
List some drug interactions with DAPSONE.
- Bactrim
- Methotrexate
- Colchicine
- Anticonvulsants
- Griseofulvin
These interactions may increase the risk of adverse effects or reduce the effectiveness of treatments.
What is a common side effect of Dapsone?
Hemolytic anemia
Almost all patients may experience this side effect.
What condition can result from Dapsone that affects hemoglobin?
Methemoglobinemia
This condition involves the presence of methemoglobin in the blood.
What type of reaction can occur as a side effect of Dapsone?
Hypersensitivity Reaction
This reaction can manifest in various ways, including severe skin reactions.
What serious blood condition can Dapsone cause?
Agranulocytosis
This condition is characterized by a dangerously low level of neutrophils.
What neurological issue can arise from Dapsone usage?
Peripheral neuropathy
This condition may lead to weakness and sensory disturbances.
What are some predictable symptoms of Dapsone side effects?
Mild, usually no symptoms; weakness; shortness of breath; severe fatigue; lethargy; headache; cyanosis
Symptoms can vary in severity.
What severe skin conditions can be associated with Dapsone?
DRESS, SJS/TEN
These are serious conditions that can include fever, morbilliform eruption, and hepatitis.
When do hypersensitivity reactions typically occur after starting Dapsone treatment?
Usually after 3-12 weeks of treatment
Timing can vary based on individual responses.
What symptom might indicate a severe reaction to Dapsone?
Fever, pharyngitis, sepsis
These symptoms require immediate medical attention.
What type of weakness can occur in patients taking Dapsone?
Distal motor weakness in hands/legs
This indicates possible peripheral neuropathy.
What initial assessment should be performed for symptoms from Dapsone?
Initial Hgb, partial correction; CBC w/diff; reticulocyte count
These tests help assess the patient’s blood health.
What level should be monitored if methemoglobinemia is suspected?
Methemoglobin level
This measurement is crucial for diagnosing methemoglobinemia.
What is essential during the clinical examination of a patient on Dapsone?
Clinical exam and appropriate labs
Regular monitoring is vital for managing potential side effects.
What should be monitored for in relation to absolute neutrophil count?
Differential for absolute neutrophil count
Monitoring this count is important to detect agranulocytosis.
What staining method can aid in the assessment of blood conditions related to Dapsone?
H&E
Hematoxylin and eosin staining is used for histological examination.
Baricitinib brand name?
Olumiant
What is baricitinib (olumiant) FDA approved for (dermatology) and what age?
Severe alopecia areata
>18 yoa
What drug class is baricitinib?
Jak 1/2 inhibitor
What is the dosing for baricitinib (olumiant)? And what are the monitoring labs and special consideration?
Oral daily 2-4mg for AA.
Labs: TB, cbc, LFTs, lipids, viral hepatitis. Baseline. Then at 4-12 weeks. Repeat annually. TB annually.
BBW: serious infections, mortality, malignancy, MACE, thrombosis.
