Others

Question 1

Bee and wasp sting

Answer 1

Toxic ingredients:

1. peptides (mellitin, mastocyte degranulating peptide (MCD), apamin)
2. histamine, enzymes (hemolytic phospholipase)
3. in wasp venom serotonin
4. in hornet acetylcholine

Symptoms - shock, hemolyzis, kidney failure (in case of high number of biting)

Hypersensitivity !! (risk of anaphylactic shock)

Th – in case of anaphylactic shock epinephrine, glucocorticoids

Question 2

Snake venoms

Answer 2

Toxic ingredients- neurotoxic peptides – paralyses of the skeletal muscle
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- cardiotoxins – damage the heart and the membrane of RBCs
- Components enhancing blood coagulation
- Proteins inhibit the coagulation- Ingredients having local anesthetic/ analgesic effect
kinetics: lymphatic absorption
symptoms: painful swelling; lymphangitis, general symptoms: (nausea, hematemesis, diarrhea, decrease of body temperature, decrease of BP)
Therapy: calmness, polyvalent antitoxins,H1 blockers, glucocorticoids, volume replacement

Question 3

mustard gas

Answer 3

Mechanism - alkylating compound

Question 4

Fluorinated hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Fluoro acetic acid, fluoro butyric acid etc. – compounds of even number C-atoms are more toxic

Question 5

Food poisoning

Answer 5

Consumption of food infected with
Staphylococci, salmonellae, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli, B. cereus

Symptoms - vomiting, sever gastroenteritis, fever, hypovolemia

Th – gastric lavage, activated charcoal, replacement of volume and electrolytes