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knes b LECT > Others > Flashcards

Others Flashcards

1
Q

2 Types of Nervous Tissue

A
  • Neurons
  • Neuroglia
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2
Q

Function of Nervous Tissue

A

transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors

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3
Q

Isotonic solution

A
  • solute concentration is same in cell and solution
  • No osmosis, cell volumes remains constant
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4
Q

Hypotonic solution

A
  • solute concentration greater in cell than solution
  • Cell gains water through osmosis
  • If cell placed in hypotonic solution = cell shrivels (water out)
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5
Q

Hypertonic solution

A
  • solute concentration is lower in cell than solution
  • Cell loses water through osmosis
  • If cell placed in hypertonic solution = cell lysed (water in)
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6
Q

Rough ER

A

Makes proteins and digestive enzymes

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7
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • Functions in lipid metabolism; making/breaking down fats
  • Stores calcium ions
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8
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  • Sorts products of rough ER and sends them to proper destinations
  • Products of rough ER moves through golgi from cis to trans side
  • Packaging and shipping division of manufacturing plant
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9
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • Digests unwanted substances
  • Demolition crew
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10
Q

Peroxisome

A
  • Enzymes neutralizes free radicals and break down poisons
  • Break down long chains of fatty acids
  • Toxic waste removal system
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11
Q

3 types of Cytoskeleton rods

A
  • Microfilaments: filaments of contractile protein actin
  • Intermediate filaments: protein fibers
  • Microtubules: cylindrical structures made of proteins
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12
Q

G1 phase: 1st part of interphase

A
  • Cell metabolically active, making proteins and growing rapidly
  • Centrioles begin to replicate near end of G1 phase
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13
Q

G2 phase:

A
  • Centrioles finish copying themselves
  • Enzymes needed for cell division synthesized
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14
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of blood volume composed of erythrocytes

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15
Q

Buffy coat

A
  • portion of blood composed of leukocytes and platelets
  • Located between plasma and erythrocytes/hematocrit
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16
Q

Plasma

A
  • 90% water
  • Has more than 100 kinds of molecules
17
Q

Proteins produced by liver

A
  • Albumin: prevents water from diffusing out of blood vessels
  • Globulins: includes antibodies and blood proteins that transport lipids, iron, copper
  • Fibrinogen: involved in chemical rxns for blood clotting
18
Q

anhydrase

A
  • erythrocytes have this
  • enzyme catalyzing conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid (transports 70% of carbon dioxide in plasma)
19
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

production of erythrocytes beginning in red bone marrow

20
Q

Erythropoietin

A

hormone released by kidneys in response to hypoxia that stimulates differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells to become erythrocytes

21
Q

Reticulocytes

A

immature red blood cells that enter circulation and mature in 1 to 2 days to properly transport O2

22
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

process of producing blood cells where the pluripotent stem cells differentiate into each of the different types of blood cells below

23
Q

blood sinusoids

A
  • runs throughout reticular tissue in spongy bone
  • place where mature blood cells enter bloodstream
24
Q

Hemostasis

A

sequence of events to stop bleeding

25
Q

prostacyclin PGI2 and nitric oxide NO

A

vasodilators and inhibits platelet aggregation b/c there’s no need for them if there’s no injuries

26
Q

Bulk flow

A

passive process where large numbers of molecules in fluid move together in same direction and occurs from area of higher pressure → area of lower pressure and continues as long as pressure difference exist

27
Q

Filtration driven by…

A
  • Blood hydrostatic pressure BHP: pressure of blood against inside of the capillary walls, drives it the most (Higher bp = more pressure blood will put on capillary wall = more fluid out of capillary wall)
  • Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure IFOP: low in healthy individual so it doesn’t really drive filtration in healthy people but it drives filtration for people with disease b/c if you’re healthy and have too much filtration = too much stuff out of capillaries = swelling/edema
28
Q

Reabsorption driven by…

A
  • Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure IFHP: little to none in healthy individuals, so it doesn’t really promote reabsorption unless you have disease
  • Blood colloid osmotic pressure BCOP: drives fluid back into blood vessels because of protein concentration differences
29
Q

Fluid movement into/out of capillaries depends on…

A
  • Net filtration pressure = hydrostatic pressure in capillaries – hydrostatic pressure in ECF
  • Oncotic pressure = colloid osmotic pressure in capillaries – colloid osmotic pressure in tissue fluid

knes b LECT (6 decks)

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