Other test Q's Flashcards
deficiency in Zn or Fe is more likely to cause skin problems
Zn
Deficiency in (Ca or I) can result in hairless newborn and/or stillborn pigs
I
deficiency in Mg or Cu can result in discolored wool
Cu
what mineral is associated with enzootic ataxia in newborn lambs
Copper
what mineral is associated with the problem of newborn foals that are born weak and usually die b/c of their inability to stand and suckle the mare
Iodine
what mineral is associated with irregular estrus cycles; fetal resorption or birth of small, weak pigs; poor udder development and little, if any, milk
Manganese (Mn)
what mineral is associated with fluorosis of the teeth of babies as a result of maternal ingestion of too much of this mineral ?
fluorine
which nutrient would you be concerned about the animal having in the situation of turning cattle onto lush pasture in the spring
magnesium
which nutrient would you be concerned about the animal having in the situation of a group of dairy heifers that will soon calve and begin milking
calcium
which nutrient would you be concerned about the animal having in the situation of using a lot of urea as a substitute for natural protein in ruminant rations
sulfur
which nutrient would you be concerned about the animal having in the situation of high fat usage in swine/poultry diets (which could cause oxidative rancidity problems)
selenium
osteomalacia is a deficiency symptom involving which mineral?
Ca or P
anemia is a deficiency symptom involving which mineral?
Iron, copper, or cobalt
slipped tendon or perosis is a deficiency symptom involving what mineral?
manganese
peat scours is a deficiency symptom involving which mineral?
copper
albino condition in humans is a deficiency symptom involving which mineral?
copper
what mineral may serve only as a component of vitamin B12
cobalt
salt toxicity is not a problem if there is an adequate supply of _____
water
hormone associated with Iodine
thyroxine
hormone associated with calcium
parathormone
hormone associated with chromium
insulin
factors affecting toxicity of a mineral
amount in diet time response parameter form of the mineral species interacting minerals
which 2 of the currently supplemented minerals has maximum inclusion rates set by the food and drug administration?
selenium and chromium
name the 6 nutrient classes
carbohydrates lipids proteins water vitamins minerals
principle protein digesting enzyme in the stomach/abomasum? what activates the inactive zymogen into this active enzyme?
pepsin
HCl
endopeptidase vs. exopeptidase
endo = attact internal peptide bonds exo = attacks terminal peptide bond
dipeptidase is an
exopeptidase
*list the 10 amino acids classified as dietary essentials for pigs, rats, dogs, and growing humans
MATT HILL VP Methionine Arginine Threonine Tryptophan Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Valine Phenylalanine
*the linkage between one aa and another in a protein is called a
peptide bond
the aromatic amino acid to which iodine is added to make T4
tyrosine
group of amino acids that are in relatively greater need in poultry due to their high content in feathers
s-containing aa
name a basic aa
lysine, arginine
when aa are present inexcess, the excess is catabolized for the energy in the carbon skeleton and the nitrogen is excreated via:
urea
2 factors affecting microbial protein synthesis
- available energy
2. available nitrogen
which has a higher NPN content of the feedstuff: immature corn vs mature corn
immature corn
which has a higher NPN content of the feedstuff: fresh-chopped corn vs. ensiled corn
ensiled corn
with regard to NPN utilization, which is higher: increased energy content of the diet compared to a low energy diet
increased energy content of the diet
with regard to NPN utilization, which is higher: less frequent feeding vs more frequent feeding
more frequent feeding
with regard to NPN utilization, which is higher: high roughage died vs high concentrate diet
high concentrate diet
with regard to N recycling which is greater? lower dietary crude protein content vs higher content
lower dietary crude protein content
with regard to the extent of degradation of protein in the rumen, increased time the feed spends in the rumen…
increases the extent of degradation of protein
with regard to the extent of degradation of protein in the rumen, a lower rumen pH compared to the normal rumen pH…
a lower pH decreases the extent of degradation of protein
with regard to the extent of degradation of protein in the rumen, the heat treatment of a protein supplement compared to no heat treatment
heat treatment decreases the extent of degradation of protein
2 primary protein types
albumin, globulin
what dietary compound often fed to ruminants is clearly enhanced the most
NPN or biuret or urea
4 reasons that animals are subject to mineral deficiencies
- suboptimal amount in feed
- imbalance
- increased rate of passage of element through the gut of body (E.G. scours)
- a metabolic antagonist
the process wherein an organic agent will bind a mineral to varying degrees, this generally has the effect of sequestering or isolating the mineral from interactions which other compounds
chelation
the 3 minerals that are in bone in the greatest amounts are
Ca, P, Mg
which 2 species are most likely to be deficient in Ca++ due to thier very rapid growth rate and their diet composition
swine and poultry
depraved appetite, marked by chewing on many materials to which the animal has access
Pica
common occurrence in cows and ewes turned on lush spring grass
grass tetany
improper calcification of growing bones
rickets
a hemorrhagic, edematous disease
exudative diathesis
commonly called “slipped tendon”; hock joint ecomes swollen; tendon slips from its condyle
perosis
softening/weakening of adult bones
osteomalacia
condition in which there is a reduction in the normal rbc status
anemia
an enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter
a disorder of the outer layers of skin, skin can become flaky or hard and callous- like
parakeratosis
most likely cause of rickets in grazing calves
P deficiency
most likely cause of rickets in confined, suckling animals
lack of vit D
what common feed ingredient is used to regulate trace mineral intake
salt
hormone associated with sodium (Na)
aldosterone
which of the following could Zn NOT be bound to to create a chelated form of Zn: protein hydrolysate lysine sulfate starch
sulfate
an increase in the Ca content of the diet from 1% to 2% can be detrimental, would it more likely be detrimental in a diet that had a P content of 1% or .5%?
.5%
for what species of physiologic state would 2% Ca be considered b/c the species/physiologic state has such an inordinately high Ca requirement?
laying hen
increased mortality of newborn lambs and calves: white muscle disease lamb and calves are associated with what mineral deficiency
selenium
