Fluorine and other trace elements

Question 1

this mineral is of interest because of its dual role in human nutrition - as the cause of its widespread intoxication and as a preventive factor in the incidence of dental caries

Answer 1

fluorine

Question 2

what amount of F is beneficial to health

Answer 2

1 ppm

Question 3

high levels of F in water (3-5 ppm) can cause what kind of issues ?

Answer 3

mottle the teeth enamel

Question 4

a condition characterized by chalky-white patched on teeth; teeth become stained from a yellow to black color; and are structurally weak due to an interference with normal development of the enamel is cause by:

Answer 4

high levels of F in water

Question 5

F toxicity is a problem in livestock production when there is:

Answer 5

1. ingestion of waters high in F
2. ingestion of rations supplemented with mineral phosphates high in F
3. ingestion of forage contaminated with F fumes from smelting plants

Question 6

consequences of F toxicity:

Answer 6

1. excessive accumulations of F in bones and teeth
2. bones lose color, luster; become thickened and softened
3. bone breaking strength decreases
4. bony outgrowth (exatoses) occur from surface
5. total ash content of bones decreases
6. teeth become soft, worn down in certain areas and sensitive to cold
7. increased dental problems = decreased food consuption

Question 7

Long term F ingestion yields:

Answer 7

reduced feed consumption
decreased growth
reduced repro
reduced lactation

Question 8

factors which influence the incidence and severity of toxicity of F:

Answer 8

1. form ingested- NaF more toxic than CaF2 b/c it is more soluble and thus more absorbable
2. species differences
3. length of the feeding of F - F is a cumulative poison, accumulates at firs tin teeth and bones, certain protection afforded by the bones and teeth for the soft tissue

Question 9

species differences of toxic levels of F for cattle, sheep or hogs vs chicks vs laying hens

Answer 9

.01% of F as rock phosphate in total DM of rations for cattle, sheep or hogs

.035% for chicks

.053% for laying hens

Question 10

F absorption occurs most in the

Answer 10

Small intestine as the soluble compounds of NaF and others

Question 11

needed as a cofactor for insulin action - improves glucose tolerance in many species

Answer 11

chromium

Question 12

Effects of using this element include improved health in stress situations, improved immunocompetence, and increased milk yield (cattle); more lean and less fat in carcass, improved litter size, and improved FE (pigs); improved FE , decreased mortality, decreased egg yolk cholesterol (poultry); and improved energy utilization in horses

Answer 12

chromium

Question 13

reports of this trace element show increased growth when added to a diet for chicks and counteracts the growth retardation of rats fed iodinated casein

Answer 13

bromine

Question 14

feather growth in chickens, egg cholesterol

Answer 14

vanadium

Question 15

toxicant via aerial contamination

Answer 15

lead

Question 16

hematocrit, liver enzymes, liver morphology

Answer 16

nickel

Question 17

present in body as contaminants of feedstuffs

Answer 17

silicon and aluminum

Question 18

silicon may be as high as ___ in certain feedstuffs

Answer 18

0.7% - due to its infiltration in to the cellulose of the growing plant

Question 19

silicon usually excreted via

Answer 19

feces

Question 20

*** what mineral has traditionally been added to municipal drinking waster to, ostensibly, reduce dental caries but is now the subject of considerable debate whether it may in fact be more of a detriment rather than a benefit?

Answer 20

F