Other terms

Question 1

difference between the true value and the measured value of a quantity

Answer 1

Error

Question 2

inaccuracies in measurements which occur because some aspect of a surveying operation is performed by the surveyor with carelessness, inattention, poor
judgment, and improper execution.

Answer 2

Mistakes

Question 3

one which will always have the same sign and magnitude as long as field conditions remain constant and unchanged.

Answer 3

SYSTEMATIC ERRORS

Question 4

the occurrence of such errors are matters of chance as they are likely to be positive or negative, and may tend in part to compensate

Answer 4

ACCIDENTAL ERRORS

Question 5

due to imperfections of the instrument used, either from faults in their construction or from improper adjustments between the different parts prior to their use.

Answer 5

INSTRUMENTAL ERRORS

Question 6

caused by variations in the phenomena of nature such as changes in magnetic declination, temperature, humidity, wind, refraction, gravity, and curvature of the earth.

Answer 6

NATURAL ERRORS

Question 7

arise from the limitations of the senses of sight, touch and hearing of the human observer which are likely to be erroneous or inaccurate.

Answer 7

PERSONAL ERRORS

Question 8

how close a given measurement is to the absolute or true value of the quantity measured.

Answer 8

Accuracy

Question 9

degree of refinement and consistency with which any physical measurement is made

Answer 9

Precision

Question 10

number of times something will probably occur over the range of possible occurrences.

Answer 10

Probability

Question 11

*small errors occur more often than large ones and that they are more probable
* large errors happen infrequently and are less probable

Answer 11

Theory of Probability

Question 12

refers to a quantity which, based on available data, has more chance of being correct than has any other

Answer 12

Most Probable Value

Question 13

difference between any measured value of a quantity and its most probable value

Answer 13

Residual (Deviation)

Question 14

quantity which, when added to or subtracted from the most probable value, defines a range within which there is a 50% chance that the true value of the measured quantity lies inside (or outside) the limits thus set.

Answer 14

Probable Error

Question 15

ratio of the error to the measured quantity

Answer 15

Relative Error (Relative Precision)