Other Stuff Flashcards
a thought experiment proposing how the second law of Thermodynamics could be broken
Maxwell’s Demon
Supreme Court Case: African Americans could not be Americans, Chief Justice Robert Taney
Dred Scott vs. Sandford
Supreme Court Case: separate but equal, John Marshall Harlan the only opposer
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Supreme Court Case: defendants must be given legal counsel (reversed the convictions of nine young black men for allegedly raping two white women on a freight train near Scottsboro, Alabama)
Powell vs. Alabama
Supreme Court Case: could not enforce racially restrictive housing, Chief Justice Fred Vinson, an African-American family purchased a house in St. Louis that was subject to a restrictive covenant preventing “people of the Negro or Mongolian Race” from occupying the property.
Shelley vs. Kraemer
Supreme Court Case: Separate is not equal
Brown vs. BOE
Supreme Court Case: Freedom Riders, desegregated transportation
Bailey vs. Patterson
Supreme Court Case: hotels could be desegregated
Heart of Atlanta Motel vs. US
Supreme Court Case: States could not ban interracial marriage
Loving vs. Virginia
Supreme Court Case: upheld affirmative action
Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke
Supreme Court Case: affirmative action to increase diversity is legal
Grutter vs. Bollinger, Fisher vs. University of Texas
DNA appears as this, before being condensed into chromosomes during mitosis.
Chromatin
Within the nucleus are this, which contain ribosomal RNA.
nucleoli
In these organisms, the nucleus is surrounded by a selectively-permeable nuclear envelope.
eukaryotes
coordinate protein synthesis, or translation, read the messenger RNA copy of the DNA and assemble the appropriate amino acids into protein chains.
Ribosomes
site of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, processes that produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP. The inner membrane of this organelle forms folds called cristae, which are suspended in a fluid called the matrix.
Mitochondria
tube-like membranes within the nucleus envelope, parts are rough because of ribosomes, proteins undergo modifications and folding in this organelle.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
“post office of the cell”, protein gets stored, labelled, and packaged
Golgi Apparatus
break down proteins and other stuff with digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
contain grana, which are stacks of single membrane structures called thylakoids on which the reactions of photosynthesis occur.
Chloroplasts
mainly in plants, storage bin for food
Vacuoles
Little hair of cellular organisms that let them move
Cilia
Tail of cellular organisms that let them move
Flagella
Amendment for freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition
First Amendment