Other Stuff Flashcards
a thought experiment proposing how the second law of Thermodynamics could be broken
Maxwell’s Demon
Supreme Court Case: African Americans could not be Americans, Chief Justice Robert Taney
Dred Scott vs. Sandford
Supreme Court Case: separate but equal, John Marshall Harlan the only opposer
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Supreme Court Case: defendants must be given legal counsel (reversed the convictions of nine young black men for allegedly raping two white women on a freight train near Scottsboro, Alabama)
Powell vs. Alabama
Supreme Court Case: could not enforce racially restrictive housing, Chief Justice Fred Vinson, an African-American family purchased a house in St. Louis that was subject to a restrictive covenant preventing “people of the Negro or Mongolian Race” from occupying the property.
Shelley vs. Kraemer
Supreme Court Case: Separate is not equal
Brown vs. BOE
Supreme Court Case: Freedom Riders, desegregated transportation
Bailey vs. Patterson
Supreme Court Case: hotels could be desegregated
Heart of Atlanta Motel vs. US
Supreme Court Case: States could not ban interracial marriage
Loving vs. Virginia
Supreme Court Case: upheld affirmative action
Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke
Supreme Court Case: affirmative action to increase diversity is legal
Grutter vs. Bollinger, Fisher vs. University of Texas
DNA appears as this, before being condensed into chromosomes during mitosis.
Chromatin
Within the nucleus are this, which contain ribosomal RNA.
nucleoli
In these organisms, the nucleus is surrounded by a selectively-permeable nuclear envelope.
eukaryotes
coordinate protein synthesis, or translation, read the messenger RNA copy of the DNA and assemble the appropriate amino acids into protein chains.
Ribosomes
site of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, processes that produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP. The inner membrane of this organelle forms folds called cristae, which are suspended in a fluid called the matrix.
Mitochondria
tube-like membranes within the nucleus envelope, parts are rough because of ribosomes, proteins undergo modifications and folding in this organelle.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
“post office of the cell”, protein gets stored, labelled, and packaged
Golgi Apparatus
break down proteins and other stuff with digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
contain grana, which are stacks of single membrane structures called thylakoids on which the reactions of photosynthesis occur.
Chloroplasts
mainly in plants, storage bin for food
Vacuoles
Little hair of cellular organisms that let them move
Cilia
Tail of cellular organisms that let them move
Flagella
Amendment for freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition
First Amendment
Amendment for “no capital crime except when charges by grand jury; no double jeopardy; no witness against self”
Fifth Amendment
Amendment for “Right to speedy trial, info about accusation, help from court with lawyer”
Sixth Amendment
Amendment that prohibits slavery
13th Amendment
Amendment for “no denying the vote because of race or color, or because he/she was slave”
15th Amendment
Amendment banning alcohol
18th Amendment
Amendment that gave women right to vote
19th Amendment
Amendment that repealed the amendment that banned alcohol
21st Amendment
Amendment that limits presidents to two terms
22nd Amendment
Amendment that lowered voting age to 18
26th Amendment
Religious text of Confucius sayings, ren and li
The Analects
Jewish bible that’s not considered “canon”, includes Judith and Tobit
Apocrypha
Religious text of Zoroastrianism, talks about Ahura Mazda vs. Angra Mainyu
Avesta
“song of God”, poem found in Ramayana where Krishnu tells Arjuna why he has to fight
Bhagavad-Gita
philosophical text behind Taoism, written by Lao Tzu, restraint and passiveness, order of the universe
Tao Te Ching
a report of the words or actions of a Muslim religious figure, most frequently the prophet Muhammad.
Hadith
religious text published by Joseph Smith, inscribed on gold plates, Lamanites and Nephites
Book of Mormon
sacred scripture of Islam, divided into chapters called suras
Koran
codification of Jewish oral law, Mishnah (the laws themselves), and the Gemara (scholarly commentary on the Mishnah)
Talmud
set of commentaries that accompany the Vedas
Upanishads
hymnbook on Indra (god of thunder), Varuna (cosmic order), and Agni (fire)
Vedas
The basis for ancient Chinese philosophy and religion, yin and yang
Yijing
Attila the Hun was defeated at …
Catalaunian Fields
Goths, led by Fritigern, defeated Roman emperor ??? at Adrianople
Valens
Which group led by Alaric sacked Rome
Visigoths
Which group occupied Carthage
Vandals
Haiti’s capital
Port-au-prince
Ecuador’s capital
Quito
Bolivia’s capitals
La Paz and Sucre
largest Antarctic ice shelf
Ross Ice Shelf
longest river in Canada
Mackenzie River
this river forms border between Texas and Mexico
Rio Grande
longest river in Asia, third longest in the world
Yangtze (Changjiang)
China’s second longest river
Yellow River
river sacred in Hinduism, flows to the world’s largest delta
Ganges River
chief river in Pakistan
Indus River
longest river in France
Loire River
second longest river in France, flows through Paris
Seine River
principal river of the Iberian Peninsula
Tagus River
Italy’s longest river
Po River
Ireland’s longest river
Shannon River
river that flows through London
Thames
world’s longest river
Nile
Africa’s second longest river
Congo River
river that has Victoria Falls
Zambezi River
Africa’s third longest river
Niger River
Africa’s largest and world’s second largest freshwater lake
Lake Victoria
Africa’s second largest lake, world’s second deepest
Lake Tanganyika
World’s deepest lake
Lake Baikal
Africa’s third largest lake
Lake Malawi
world’s largest manmade lake
Lake Volta
highest mountain in North America, located in Alaska.
Mount Denali
second tallest mountain in Africa.
Mount Kenya
tallest mountain in Australia.
Mount Kosciuszko
the highest point in the Southern Hemisphere, in Argentina
Mount Aconcagua
the longest mountain range in the world
Andes Mountains
highest mountain in Antarctica
Vinson Massif
mountains that separate Spain and France
Pyrenees Mountains
longest mountain range in Europe
Scandinavian Mountains
Prominent mountain range in Australia
MacDonnell Mountains
Mountain range in Italy
Apennines
mountain range that separates Asia from Europe
Ural Mountains
World’s second largest desert
Sahara
in Chile, rain shadow of the Andes, making it world’s driest, subject of War of the Pacific, has nitrate resources
Atacama Desert
Battle where Joan of Arc turned the tides
Siege of Orleans
Battle that was the turning point of the Civil War
Battle of Gettysburg
Turning point for Russians from German invasion during WW2
Siege of Stalingrad
Alexander won this battle, leading to the fall of the Persian Empire
The Battle of Arbela
Hannibal’s greatest defeat was in this battle, where Roman used loud horns to scare off elephants
Battle of Zama
Nelson’s Pillar of this city was blown up by terrorists in 1966, River Liffey flows through this city
Dublin, Ireland
25th of April bridge is the longest suspension bridge in Europe and is in this city
Lisbon, Portugal
tax that generates negative externalities
Pigouvian Tax
Ramsey’s Rules of Optimal ??? is based on the quantity
demanded of each good to minimize total burden
Ramsey’s Rules of Optimal Taxation
Limerick, Tipperary, Offaly, Laois, and Cork are examples of ???
Counties of Ireland
method of adding hydroxyl groups to alkenes, using boron, converts an alkene into an alcohol, an anti-Markovnikov reaction
Hydroboration–oxidation
Random motion in water, first discovered by pollen in water, Einstein published, described by the Langevin equation
Brownian Motion
Bacteria can be either positive or negative of this, differentiates by the amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls,
Gram Stain
National god of Babylon, defeated Kingu and seized the Tablets of Destiny, Babylonian god of thunderstorms who created humans after defeating Tiamat, winged dragon called Mushussu
Marduk
Law that accompanied 18th Amendment, this act passed despite Woodrow Wilson’s veto
Volstead Act/ National Prohibition Act
One rule governing SN1 reactions is this one that states that of possible alkene products of a reaction, the more substituted one is the major product.
Zaitsev’s rule
framework of “methodic doubt” led him to distrust the truth of ideas which could be posed by an “evil genius” trying to deceive him. Descartes also declared “Cogito, ergo sum,” in this work
Meditations
group of Catholics who were executed by crucifixion on February 5, 1597, at Nagasaki
Twenty-Six Martyrs of Japan
1572 massacre of Huguenots ordered by Charles IX and Catherine de Medici, marriage of Margaret of Valois and Henry of Navarre, Effectively ending the brief Peace of Saint-Germain
Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre
This airport has a statue of a blue horse (Blucifer)
Denver Airport
John Adams was president during this “affair” with France that started the Quasi War
XYZ Affair
Capital of Myanmar
Naypyidaw
Largest city in Myanmar (not its capital)
Yangon
Capital of Sierra Leone
Freetown
Largest object in the asteroid belt, smallest dwarf planet
Ceres
doctrine of the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law
Preemption Doctrine
Treaty that ended World War 1, Truman brought up 14 points during the signing of this treaty
Treaty of Versailles
Handel wrote these pieces in response to George I’s request for a concert on the River Thames
Water Music
composer of the operas Almira, Rinaldo, and Giulio Cesare, “Hallelujah Chorus” in Messiah, “Dead March” and “Arrival of the Queen of Sheba”, known for oratorios
George Frideric Handel
Treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession, put Philip Duke of Anjou as King of Spain
Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain.
The Treaty of Ghent
ended the Russo-Japanese War, brokered by Theodore Roosevelt of which he won a Nobel Peace prize, Japan received Liadong peninsula as a result
Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty that settled a boundary dispute between the U.S. and Spain that arose following the Louisiana Purchase. Florida was sold to the US
Adams-Onís Treaty
Egypt’s Anwar Sadat and Israel’s Menachem Begin; they were brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, guaranteed Israeli access to the Red Sea and Suez Canal,
Camp David Accords
Treaty that ended the Mexican-American War, transferred California, Nevada and others to US, made Rio Grande border between Texas and Mexico
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
“separate peace” signed by the Bolshevik government of the new USSR and Germany during WW1, USSR needed to focus on Russian Civil War, gave up Ukraine and Belarus
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty that created the independent country of the Vatican City, signed by Mussolini
Lateran Treaty
Treaty that ended the Spanish-American War and transferred Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico to the U.S. while making Cuba (ostensibly) independent.
Treaty of Paris of 1898
This equation can be used to figure out PH during titration
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
the name given by the Spanish to the more notable parts of the Inca road system, Twenty one missions in California were connected with this 600-mile pathway administered by the Spanish that stretched from San Diego to Sonoma.
Camino Real
A large, mainly Gothic church created in 1245 for King Henry III and the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British monarchs.
Westminster Abbey
After this coastal city of the Levant refused to allow Alexander to sacrifice at its shrine to Heracles, he took it in a siege of unprecedented proportions, building a massive causeway to reach the island it was built on.
Tyre
The treaty recognized Spain’s exclusive claim to all new world territory more than three hundred seventy miles west of the Cape Verde Islands
Treaty of Tordesillas
These proteins are responsible for the modulation of various components and processes of the cell cycle. They operate by binding to namesake dependent kinases that in turn phosphorylate other proteins.
Cyclins
Bosonic string theory predicts the existence of 26 dimensions, though all other string theories use this number of spacetime dimensions. M-theory adds one more dimension.
Ten
Name this faction of moderate French revolutionaries who opposed the Montagnards and who had a power base largely concentrated in the provinces, such as their namesake one, lost out to the Jacobins
Girondins
Lessing was one of the direct influences on this German literary movement, which emphasizes the nature and human emotions. Its philosophical leader was Johann von Herder.
Storm and Stress
Capital of Romania
Bucharest
this was a military and civilian-involved confrontation in 1838–1839 between the United States and the United Kingdom over the international boundary between the British colony of New Brunswick and the U.S. state of Maine.
Arostook War
name this substance traditionally viewed to cause acidosis during extreme exercise, used to create ATP when oxygen is unavailable
Lactic Acid
The Kroll Process is used to extract this metal
Titanium
Its first president was Adolphe Thiers, and this government also endured the Dreyfus Affair. It was replaced by Vichy France.
French Third Republic
war fought between the forces of the Kingdom of Hungary and its allies, led by Louis II, and those of the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent. King Louis drowned while attempting to flee, resulted in the end of the Jagiellon Dynasty
Battle of Mohacs
Their wavefunction is described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. They were first created by Cornell, Wieman, and Ketterle by laser-cooling a bunch of rubidium atoms. For 10 points, name this system consisting of a bunch of degenerate ultracold bosons.
Bose-Einstein Condensates (or BECs)
name this country, the home of the director of The Seventh Seal (knights plays chess with the Devil), Ingmar Bergman
Sweden
Name this holiday in which people light lamps to guide Rama home after his defeat of Ravana.
Diwali
This other Hindu holiday, which either celebrates the love of Krishna and Radha, or an instance in which
Prahlada was saved from burning by Vishnu, sees people throw colored powder at each other.
Holi
These Hindu festivals, some of which honor Durga, Saraswati and Lakshmi, are general ceremonies honoring a deity. They usually involve fire, chanting, and in America, kids getting pizza.
Puja
this period in french history was characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, and, finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon’s rise to power.
French First Republic
this was a short-lived republican government of France under President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. It lasted from the 1848 Revolution to the 1851 coup by which the president made himself Emperor Napoleon III
French Second Republic
a series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, name this civil war in France during the minority of Louis XIV that takes its name from a sling
The Fronde
Led by promises that the Buddha would return, participants in this late eighteenth-century Chinese rebellion were ineffectively dealt with by Heshen, who embezzled a lot of the funds that were to be used to put it down.
White Lotus Rebellion
an optical phenomenon in which linearly polarized light undergoes a small lateral shift when totally internally reflected.
Goos-Hanchen Effect
shape-shifting spirit inhabiting lakes in Scottish folklore. usually described as a black horse-like creature, able to adopt human form
Kelpies
“Europe’s last dictator” is leader of this country
Belarus
Due to the construction of the Aswan High Dam, the Temple of Debod was moved to this city, 2004 terrorist attack in one of its train stations, home to Prado art museum and Queen Sofia Museum, Las Ventas Bullfighting Ring
Madrid
1916 Easter Rising ,led by James Connolly and Patrick Pearse, occured in this city, 1913 lockout, capital of Ireland
Dublin
This project, which went fourteen hundred percent over budget, had its original architect resign in the “Malice in Blunderland” incident in 1966, shell-like building designed by Jorn Utzon near the Harbour Bridge in Australia, Peter Hall made interior design changes
Sydney Opera House
This agreement was declared “null, and void of all validity for ever” by Pope Innocent III. It was drafted by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, and could not avert the First Barons’ War. signed by King John at Runnymede in 1215
Magna Carta
name this doubly-eponymous law in population genetics which describes a population whose allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in its namesake equilibrium.
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
island deceptively named by Erik the Red to disguise its true degree of inhospitability to settlement, capital of Nuuk, the US operates Thule Air Base here,
Greenland
The main fighting during this event takes place at a field called Vigrith. the giant Surt sets fire to the world, burning Yggdrasil, Those who meet up after this event find golden playing pieces, three consecutive winters mark the beginning of this event
Ragnarok
nobility in this modern-day country launched the Uva rebellion, This country’s highest peak is known as either Adam’s Peak or Sri Pada, called ‘Ceylon’ during British rule, capital whose main gate is shaped like a lion’s paws.
Sri Lanka
name this autonomous community in northeastern Spain that is home to FC Barcelona.
Catalonia
This movement was founded in Minnesota by a Department of Agriculture employee who wished to modernize Southern farming practices, Oliver Hudson Kelley, sought a set of namesake laws to regulate rising fare prices.
Grange Movement
name this 1879 Granger case, which upheld the constitutionality of regulating grain elevator rates in a Midwest state.
Munn vs. Illinois
This desert, partly located in Arizona and California, is the hottest in Mexico. This namesake desert of the state between Chihuahua and Baja California is home to the saguaro cactus.
Sonoran Desert
Forrest Gump’s cross-country run ends with this location in the background, which was featured in several John Ford films. This set of sandstone formations lies on the border between Utah and Arizona. often used as backdrop for westerns
Monument Valley
The first man to officially hold this position is Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe held this position as well
Secretary of State
