Famous People 2 Flashcards
“Butcher of Uganda”. encouraged death squads such as the Public Safety Unit and the State Research Bureau, allowed Palestinian hijackers to land a captured Air France plane at Entebbe Airport in 1976; Jewish hostages on board were freed by Operation Thunderbolt,
Idi Aman
leader of Libya from 1969 to 2011. his Free Officers Movement, modeled after the Egyptian organization of the same name, overthrew King Idris I in 1969. The Little Green Book collects ideas and sayings associated with his pan-Arabist ideology. The U.S. and Britain criticized his terrorist associations and blamed him for the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Scotland (the Lockerbie bombing)
Muammar al-Gaddafi
fought against British control of Kenya during the Mau Mau rebellion of the 1950s, Kenya’s first president. He used the slogan “harambee,” which is Swahili for “all pull together,” to encourage national unity and economic growth.
Jomo Kenyatta
came to power during the “Congo Crisis,”, changed name of country from Congo to Zaire, Despite its atrocious human rights record, his regime was supported by the United States because he took an anti-Communist position during the Cold War.
Mobutu Sese Seko
first president of post-colonial Zimbabwe in 1980, regime came under increasing criticism for his failure to prevent hyperinflation and his suppression of political dissent
Robert Mugabe
first democratically-elected president of South Africa, founded a militant group called Umkhonto we Sizwe (the “spear of the nation”, charged with criminal activity in the Rivonia Trial, imprisoned on Robben Island,
Nelson Mandela
He supported the Free Officers Movement, which was led by Muhammad Naguib and which overthrew King Farouk in 1952, but he then took power while accusing of Naguib of allying with the Muslim Brotherhood. nationalized the Suez Canal, served as president of the United Arab Republic (Saudi Arabia + Egypt)
Gamal Abdel Nasser
became the prime minister of the Gold Coast in 1952 and declared independence from Britain in 1957, renaming the country Ghana. He was the first African leader to declare independence from a colonial power. building of the Akosombo Dam to create Lake Volta
Kwame Nkrumah
the leader of Tanganyika and then Tanzania, put forward his socialist plans in the Arusha Declaration of 1967. His policies were known by the term ujamaa, signifying family unity, His Chama Cha Mapinduzi, or Party of the Revolution, remains as the dominant power in Tanzania politics.
Julius Nyerere
Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. A 1936 invasion by fascist Italy forced him to live in exile in England until 1941
Haile Selassie
This Swiss psychologist outlined the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages in his theory of cognitive development. namesake educational programs limit material based on which of four cognitive developmental stages the student is in
Jean Piaget
The Girondins were led by this man and are sometimes named for him. He founded the antislavery Society of the Friends of Blacks and ran the newspaper Le Patriote francais until being guillotined.
Jacques-Pierre Brissot
This woman claimed to have a list of Girondins planning an uprising in Caen in order to gain admittance to see Jean-Paul Marat, and then proceeded to stab him in his bathtub.
Charlotte Corday
The radical leader during the French Revolution responsible for the Reign of Terror; he wanted to create a Republic of Virtue, leader of Jacobins
Robespierre
financial expert of Louis XVI, he advised Louis to reduce court spending, reform his government, abolish tariffs on internal trade, but the First and Second Estates got him fired, he was well liked by the Third Estate
Jacques Necker
French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris Bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)
George Danton
this German Enlightenment author of Nathan the Wise.“Laocoon: An Essay on the Limits of Painting and Poetry.” Name this writer whose works include Miss Sara Sampson and one whose title character uses the Parable of the Three Rings to demonstrate to Saladin that Judaism, Christianity, and Muslim are equally good in Nathan the Wise.
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
This leader of the Sturm und Drang movement wrote Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship, The Sorrows of Young Werther, and the play Faust.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
this author of “The Fixation of Belief” and “How to Make Our Ideas Clear,” an American Pragmatist. the methods of tenacity and authority.
Charles Sanders Peirce
name this Lord Protector of England who ruled after executing Charles I. This man nicknamed “Old Ironsides” commanded the New Model Army in the English Civil War.
Oliver Cromwell
name this painter of Black Square and the White on White series, the Russian founder of Suprematism.
Kazimir Malevich
Name this man who first signed a pact with and then murdered Odoacer, allowing him to establish a new Italian kingdom in 493, king of Ostragoths
Theodoric the Great
this painter of The Hay Wain, The Chain Pier and Wivenhoe Park, whose limited religious output includes The Ascension and The Risen Christ.
John Constable
The Fronde was partially a reaction to the policies of this Italian cardinal, who was a minister during the
minority of Louis XIV and was mentored by Richelieu.
Cardinal Jules Mazarin
While riding a sealed train carriage from Switzerland to his home country, this man wrote his “April Theses.” This man implemented the New Economic Policy. first leader of Soviet Union, This man’s body can be viewed in a mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Square
Vladmir Lenin
described his diplomacy with the “Sinatra Doctrine,” implemented the policies of perestroika and glasnost in an attempt to liberalize his country. name this last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, won Nobel Peace Prize, This politician’s policies of governmental transparency and political reform were known as glasnost and perestroika.
Mikhail Gorbachev
This politician gave a defiant speech atop a tank during the August Coup. this first president of post-Soviet Russia. The “oligarchs” arose near the end of this man’s presidency as a result of his free market reforms.
Boris Yeltsin
This politician, who was mocked for claiming that there was “no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe,” was attacked for pardoning his predecessor’s Watergate-related crimes. fell down stairs to Air Force One, This politician once told New York City to “drop dead.” only person to serve without being elected by electoral college
Gerald Ford
name this first president of the National Organization for Women and author of The Feminine Mystique, and “The Fountain of Age”, described “the problem that has no name” .
Betty Friedan
President nicknamed the “Father of the Constitution”, President during the War of 1812, famous courtcase Marbury vs. this person established judicial review, “midnight judges”, wrote that “Ambition must be made to counteract ambition” in an essay claiming that “if men were angels, no government would be necessary.”
James Madison
His reaction to being thrown from his horse in the Battle of Contreras led to his nickname, the “Fainting General.” signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Ostend Act (annexed Cuba), overruled Missouri Compromise
Franklin Pierce
This governor’s “Share Our Wealth” program promised to make “every man a king.” name this man, nicknamed “Kingfish,” a senator and governor from Louisiana. was assassinated by Carl Weiss
Huey Pierce Long Jr.
This composer of L’Arianna ( Ariadne repeats the words “Let me die”) The Coronation of Poppea (title character schemes with Ottone to overthrow Nero), L’Orfeo (Eurydice fails to return from the underworld)
Claudio Monteverdi
Painter of I and the Village (a horse looks into the face of a green-skinned man holding the Tree of Life) , White Crucifixion
Marc Chagall
Painter of Happy Accidents of the Swing (man looks under girl in pink on a swing), painter of the Progress of Love series
Jean-Honore Fragonard
his capital city of Samarkand, Turkish nomadic conqueror who walked with a limp, built pyramids of skulls outside of conquered cities, set camels on fire to scare opposing enemies elephants, captured the Ottoman sultan Bayezid the Thunderbolt
Tamerlane (Timur the Lame)
composer of the first major English-language opera, Dido and Aeneas. this man included the aria “When I am Laid in Earth” in an opera about a Trojan Prince and a Carthaginian queen. (DIdo and Aeneas), opera “King Arthur” (Frost Scene) and “Fairy Queen”
Henry Purcell
name this French artist of Impression, Sunrise and many paintings of water lilies, he bought an estate at Giverny, where he created a garden full of water-lilies
Claude Monet
Violence has erupted in Lagos over the reelection of this man who was accused of hiring a Sudanese actor or a clone to cover up his illness. He is the current Nigerian leader
Muhammadu Buhari
name this Mexican painter of Man at the Crossroads ( X Wing shape with man operating machinery in the middle), Detroit Industry Murals, Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park, had a controversial painting of Lenin destroyed by Rockefeller, husband of Frida Kahlo
Diego Rivera
Mexican painter who often emphasized her unibrow, painted the Two Fridas (holds forceps and has exposed heart) Henry Ford Hospital (Baby floats above central figure while she cries) Famous self portrait where she holds a monkey and corn’s in the background, Broken Column (shows the artist full of nails while recovering from traffic accident)
Frida Kahlo
He coined the phrase “stream of consciousness” in his book The Principles of Psychology, “Father of American Psychology”, wrote the book Pragmatism, contrasts “tender-minded” rationalists with “tough-minded” empiricists, “A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking.”, a man chasing a squirrel around a tree
William James
Name this mathematician, who also names a theorem with Stone that generalises Turán’s theorem to non-complete graphs. names a random graph where each edge has a fixed probability of being present or absent, independent of the realisation of other edges. popularized the idea of “proofs from the book.” lends his name to a distance metric describing how many collaborators connect a given mathematician and him. discovered an elementary proof of the prime number theorem
Paul Erdos
Italian composer of La Traviata (Violetta dying in Alfredo’s arms) , Il Trovatore, and Rigoletto( ends as the main character cries, “The curse!” after his daughter’s murder by Sparafucile), Otello and Falstaff, Aida (Egyptian commander Radamès’s love for an Ethiopian princess)
Giuseppe Verdi
composer of the Tritsch-Tratsch Polka, composer of Tales from the Vienna Woods and The Blue Danube, known as “the Waltz King”. wrote the Emperor Waltz
Johann Strauss II
name this French composer of Bolero, friend of Claude Debussy, a piece with an incessant snare drum ostinato, composer of Miroirs and Pavane for a Dead Princess wrote a piece for Ida Rubinstein which begins with a flute playing over a snare drum ostinato.
Maurice Ravel
This man’s presidential campaign promised “a chicken in every pot.” This man ordered General Douglas MacArthur to break up the Bonus Army. He unwisely implemented the Smoot–Hawley Tariff, Black Tuesday stock crash, FDR to declare, “there is nothing inside the man but jelly!”
Herbert Hoover
name this American painter of The Gross Clinic (a man in a black coat and bloody fingers lectures in front of a crowd watching a leg surgery), The Swimming Hole (This artist included himself in a painting that features six nude boys swimming outdoors)
Thomas Eakins
This leader fled to Cuba after Ignacio Comonfort overthrew him with the Plan of Ayutla. While fighting a French blockade of his country’s ports in the Pastry War, this leader gave a military burial to his amputated leg, fought Texans in the Battle of the Alamo, While in exile, this man helped to invent chewing gum by bringing the first shipments of chicle to the United States, With David Burnet, this man signed the Treaties of Velasco.
Antonio López de Santa Anna
name this artist of The Course of Empire and The Oxbow (hows a gnarled, leaning tree in the foreground as the Connecticut River flows in the distance.) founded the Hudson River School, painted Voyage of Life
Thomas Cole
American psychologist who devised the “hierarchy of needs.” sed the definition: “moments of highest happiness and fulfillment” to describe “peak experiences,” namesake “hammer” roughly states “if all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail,
Abraham Maslow
This educator’s name is attached to a procedure that stresses the importance of independence, discovery, and play for children in pedagogy. developed a namesake method that involves putting a child into an environment with a teacher as a “director.” Namesake schools give students activity choices and stress discovery learning.
Maria Montessori
German court painter to Henry VIII, who created The Ambassadors (A Lutheran hymnal, a lute with a broken string, and an extremely anamorphic skull appear)
Hans Holbein the Younger
name this radical abolitionist who perpetrated the Pottawatomie Massacre (his men hacked five settlers to death near Pottawatomie Creek in Kansas) and led a raid on Harper’s Ferry. (Robert E. Lee successfully prevented this man from capturing a federal armory), an epic poem about the Civil War by Stephen Vincent Benet, is titled for this man’s “body”
John Brown
architect of the 19th Amendment, who in 1979 became the first female American depicted on a U.S. coin, managed newspaper “The Revolution”, president of the NAWSA, was fined 100 dollars for voting, Frederick Douglass disagreed with this person regarding the language of the Fifteenth Amendment
Susan B. Anthony
he avoided the draft because he had “other priorities in the ’60s than military service.” The Secretary of Defense during the first Gulf War, he was the Chairman of Halliburton from 1995 to 2000. one-word reply “So?” to a question about declining public confidence, shot a friend in the face while quail hunting, VP of President Bush
Dick Cheney
This man resolved an electoral college deadlock in what became known as the “Corrupt Bargain”. nicknamed the “Great Compromiser”, nicknamed “Harry of the West” and “The Western Star.” The “American System” was promoted by this man
Henry Clay
Identify this namesake of the measure of the elasticity of a substance, who found interference patterns while performing his double-slit experiments. One quantity named for this man is equal to tensile stress over tensile strain, and is known as his namesake modulus.
Thomas Young
German idealist described the master–slave dialectic and built on the work of Kant in his Phenomenology of Spirit, This man’s method is often oversimplified as “thesis-antithesis-synthesis.”
Georg Hegel
science fiction author and founder of the Church of Scientology
L Ron Hubbard
name this man whose experiments with dogs showed that ringing a bell could cause salivation
Ivan Pavlov
name this jazz saxophonist of Giant Steps and A Love Supreme, This musician reharmonized songs by using tone centers separated by major thirds, a technique known as his namesake “changes.”
John Coltrane
this man was often depicted with workers carrying plates of mangoes. embalmed body is at the center of a pilgrimage to the largest public square in the world. portrait hangs above Tiananmen Square. After reading that he was the most famous man of the 20th century, Andy Warhol made a series of silkscreens reproducing this man’s official portrait. “political power grows out of the barrel of a gun” Little Red Book
Mao ZeDong
rearticulated the need for “reform and opening-up” policies and cracked down on liberal party members to safeguard his radical free market reforms. Four Modernizations, and formulated the “one country, two systems” principle. “It doesn’t matter whether a cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice.” Tiananmen Square protests
Deng Xiaoping
the author of Utilitarianism and On Liberty, This thinker concluded that a person should be free to pursue his own interests so long as he does not harm other people, which is known as his harm principle, “better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied” humans are capable of higher pleasures than swine.
John Stuart Mill
the subject of the 1780s Pantheism controversy and the author of Tractatus Theologico-Politicus and Ethics. “each thing strives to persevere in its being,” concluded that “God is Nature” in a “geometrically ordered” book, claimed that Ezra, not Moses, wrote the Torah
Baruch Spinoza
Name this photographer for National Geographic, known for colorful, intense portraits like Afghan Girl.
Steve McCurry
Name this composer of 41 symphonies, the last of which is nicknamed “Jupiter.” This composer’s only two minor key symphonies are referred to as the “Little” and “Great” G minor symphonies, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, composer of The Magic Flute, unfinished Requiem in D Minor
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Two tigers lunge out of the mouth of a fish toward this artist’s wife Gala in one painting, which features his frequent motif of spindly-legged elephants in the background. ants swarm watch and melting clocks in The Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dali
the first European to sail to India via the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama
After several failed attempts to assassinate Franz Ferdinand, this nineteen year old eventually shot both Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie.
Gavrilo Princip
This man ordered Uriah the Hittite to be killed in battle so he could marry his wife Bathsheba, and faced a rebellion by his son Absalom. This figure, who succeeded Saul, is thought to have written most of the Book of Psalms, killed Goliath
King David
name this author of Skepticism and Animal Faith, who declared that “those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it.” wrote the Realms of Being
George Santayana
his political career was effectively ended when his affair with Maria Reynolds was exposed. he drafted the First Report on the Public Credit and the Report on a National Bank. wrote 51 of the 85 essays in the Federalist Papers name this first Treasury Secretary of the United States who died in a famed duel with Aaron Burr.
Alexander Hamilton
The provisional IRA bombed the Brighton Hotel in an assasination attempt on this leader, who led Britain through the Falklands War. this leader cut a program that provided free milk to children above the age of 7, leading her to be nicknamed “milk snatcher.” nicknamed “Iron Lady”
Margaret Thatcher
name this admiral who defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay. He later became the only person in US history to ever achieve the rank of Admiral of the Navy. exclaimed “You may fire when ready, Gridley”
George Dewey
name this admiral, commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War II. led the Battle of Midway, served as U.S. signatory to the Japanese surrender aboard the USS Missouri.
Chester William Nimitz
former Bill Clinton advisor who wrote Globalization and its Discontents, drew on his experience as the World Bank’s chief economist, article with Sanford Grossman entitled “On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets.” “The Price of Inequality”
Joseph Stiglitz
This man created a personal bodyguard of 300 soldiers known as the Celeres. he saw six more vultures than his brother, giving him the right to choose the location where a city was founded. This man killed his brother who leapt over a wall to demonstrate how inept its defenses were. He organizes a festival of Neptune as a ploy for his men to take the Sabine women as wives.
Romulus
This ruler combined Christian rules with three existing law codes to create the Doom Book. This man defeated the Great Heathen Army at the Battle of Edington and baptized its leader Guthrum after signing the Peace of Wedmore.
Alfred the Great
Hardrada and his brother Olaf tried to seize the Norwegian throne from this ruler at the battle of Stiklestad. This son of Sweyn Forkbeard was the only English monarch besides Alfred with the epithet “the Great.” commanded an incoming tide to not wet his feet.
Canute the Great
Italian philosopher who authored Discourses on Livy and The Prince, characterized mercenaries as “useless and dangerous”, That work is dedicated to Lorenzo de Medici and claims “it is much safer to be feared than loved.”
Niccolò Machiavelli
This president authorized the overthrow of Hudson Austin in Operation Urgent Fury, the invasion of Grenada. he ended the Iran Hostage Crisis. He first gained prominence supporting Barry Goldwater with the 1964 speech “A Time for Choosing.” This president was the first to have his supply-side policies dubbed “voodoo economics.” whose Secretary of State, Al Haig, once sparked rumors of a coup by saying “I am in control here”. condescendingly repeated the line “There you go again” during a debate, saw the Iran-Contra Affair take place, a former California governor who famously stated, “Tear down this wall.”
Ronald Reagan
name this second and final Emperor of Brazil. His regime issued the Law of the Sexagenarians and the Law of the Free Birth, both of which foreshadowed his ending of slavery in his country through the Golden Law. After teaming up with Uruguay, his country defeated Paraguay in the War of the Triple Alliance.
Dom Pedro II
name this nephew of Émile Durkheim and author of The Gift. His most famous work was a large influence behind Levi-Strauss’ structural anthropology and describes the titular concept (“The gift”) of”total prestation,” in which the passing on of wealth imposes an obligation to reciprocate. describes such rituals as the potlatch system and argues that loss of status emerges with failure to engage in reciprocal exchange.
Marcel Mauss
