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YEAR 2 Notion > other stuff > Flashcards

other stuff Flashcards

1
Q

what is estimated average requirement

A

used for average energy requirement of the population

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2
Q

what is the amount of nutrient that will be suffienct for 97.5% of the population

A

reference nutrient intake

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3
Q

what is low reference nutrient intake

A

amount of nutrient sufficient for the 2.5% of the population with the lowest needs

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4
Q

what is wasting

A

low weight for height

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5
Q

what is stunting

A

low height for weight

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6
Q

what is underweight

A

low weight for age

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7
Q

what mineral is needed for all these things: teeth and bone mineralisation, nerve impulse transmission, wound healing, cellular metabolism and muscle contraction

A

calcium

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8
Q

exclusive breast feeding is recommend for how long of babies life

A

first 6 months

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9
Q

when can you start giving babies cows milk

A

12 months

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10
Q

what is recommended as first foods for babies

A

veg, fruit and baby rice mixed with milk

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11
Q

when can you start giving whole nuts and seeds

A

5 years

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12
Q

if on breast milk for too long what nutrients may they lack

A

iron and zinc

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13
Q

are formula fed babies predisposed to childhood obesity

A

yes

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14
Q

is deprivation linked to increased dental caries

A

yes

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15
Q

over what percentile in kids is overweight

A

91st

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16
Q

over what percentile in kids in clinical obesity

A

98th

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17
Q

bmi can be used from age

A

2

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18
Q

for kids under 2 and cannot do vmi what chart do you use

A

bmi conversion chart

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19
Q

maternal employment greater than 21 hrs per week increases your risk of

A

being overweight

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20
Q

genetic causes of severe obesity

A

prader will and target biedl syndrome

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21
Q

kids 5-28 years physical activity guidelines

A

at least 60 mins a day

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22
Q

what inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase to reduced absorption of dietary fat

A

orlistat

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23
Q

when can orlistat be prescribed to kids

A

adolescents with very severe obesity or severe obesity with comorbidities

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24
Q

a nonsens mutation is a

A

premature stop codon

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25
Q

mutated codon codes for a different amino acid

A

missense

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26
Q

what is a silent mutation

A

mutated codon codes for the same amino acid

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27
Q

frameshift mutations can be

A

addition or deletion

28
Q

in autosomal dominant how many copies off. disease allele are needed for individual to be susceptible to expressing the phenotype

A

1

29
Q

are males or females more severely affected by x linked dominant

A

males

30
Q

what only detects chromosome imbalance

A

array- cgh

31
Q

what Allows you to look for sub-microscopic deletions or duplications of chromosome material across the whole human genome

A

array cgh

32
Q

what is used for sex determination and trisomy testing

A

non invasive pre natal testing

33
Q

is acgh invasive

A

yes

34
Q

invasive testing sample is taken from

A

placenta or amniotic fluid

35
Q

non invasive testing sample is taken from

A

free fetal DNA in maternal circulation

36
Q

for invasive testing what testing can be done before 15 weeks

A

placenta (chorionic villus sampling)

37
Q

what to do if parent has balanced chromosomal arrangement

A

invasive testing

38
Q

when can you surgically terminate pregnancy

A

before 13 weeks

39
Q

if the baby has a serious risk of abnormality in the child oro to the mother what can they do

A

abort it at any time

40
Q

when can NGS be used

A

if an infant presents with a phenotype indicative of a genetic disorder

41
Q

what is used as a first test for acutely unwell children with a likely monogenic disorder

A

NGS

42
Q

use acth for — and use nags for —

A

chromosomal imbalance , smaller mutations

43
Q

is an adult assumed competent

A

yes

44
Q

-all people aged —-+ are presumed by law to have the capacity to consent according to the Age of Legal Capacity Act

A

16

45
Q

if under 16 and seems to capable of understanding can you take consent from them

A

yes

46
Q

when can you treat people without their consent

A

if treatment is necessary to save life or to prevent serious deterioration

47
Q

what is a useful toolkit to differentiate between normal and sexual abuse concerns

A

brook traffic light tool

48
Q

what is the first stage in child protection assessment following a referral

A

inter- agency referral discussion

49
Q

all preg mothers should have had what vaccine

A

tetanus

50
Q

do steroids help for preterm labour

A

yes they help reduce neonatal mortality

51
Q

what are passive immunity

A

artificial human IgG and natural transplacental transfer

52
Q

what is active immunity

A

protection that is produced by an individuals own immune system via B and T cells

53
Q

is active immunity short or long lasting

A

usually long lasting

54
Q

how is passive immunity passed

A

mother to unborn baby via placenta

55
Q

how long does passive immunity last for

A

up to 1 year

56
Q

what is artificial passive immunity

A

from another person or animal

57
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A

polio, MMR, rotavirus

58
Q

examples of inactivated vaccines

A

pertussis and typhoid, diphtheria

59
Q

when should you not give live vaccines

A

pregnancy and if immunosuppressed eg under radiotehrapy or on high dose of steroids or other drugs or got HIV, egg allergy, latex allergy acute or evolving illness

60
Q

the proportion of people needed to be vaccinated for herd immunity is based on

A

transmissibility and infectiousness of organism and social mixing in population

61
Q

phase 2 of vaccine development involves

A

side effects, dosage, compares with other vaccines

62
Q

when do kids get the mmr vaccine

A

12 months

63
Q

what vaccines for children in at risk groups should get

A

flu, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, BCG and Hep B

64
Q

who should get the flu vaccine

A

65+, at risk groups, pregnant woman

65
Q

pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be given in adult from what age

A

65

66
Q

should you wait for lab results before reporting notifiable disease

A

no

YEAR 2 Notion (5 decks)

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