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other stuff Flashcards

1
Q

what is estimated average requirement

A

used for average energy requirement of the population

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2
Q

what is the amount of nutrient that will be suffienct for 97.5% of the population

A

reference nutrient intake

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3
Q

what is low reference nutrient intake

A

amount of nutrient sufficient for the 2.5% of the population with the lowest needs

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4
Q

what is wasting

A

low weight for height

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5
Q

what is stunting

A

low height for weight

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6
Q

what is underweight

A

low weight for age

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7
Q

what mineral is needed for all these things: teeth and bone mineralisation, nerve impulse transmission, wound healing, cellular metabolism and muscle contraction

A

calcium

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8
Q

exclusive breast feeding is recommend for how long of babies life

A

first 6 months

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9
Q

when can you start giving babies cows milk

A

12 months

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10
Q

what is recommended as first foods for babies

A

veg, fruit and baby rice mixed with milk

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11
Q

when can you start giving whole nuts and seeds

A

5 years

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12
Q

if on breast milk for too long what nutrients may they lack

A

iron and zinc

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13
Q

are formula fed babies predisposed to childhood obesity

A

yes

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14
Q

is deprivation linked to increased dental caries

A

yes

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15
Q

over what percentile in kids is overweight

A

91st

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16
Q

over what percentile in kids in clinical obesity

A

98th

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17
Q

bmi can be used from age

A

2

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18
Q

for kids under 2 and cannot do vmi what chart do you use

A

bmi conversion chart

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19
Q

maternal employment greater than 21 hrs per week increases your risk of

A

being overweight

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20
Q

genetic causes of severe obesity

A

prader will and target biedl syndrome

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21
Q

kids 5-28 years physical activity guidelines

A

at least 60 mins a day

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22
Q

what inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase to reduced absorption of dietary fat

A

orlistat

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23
Q

when can orlistat be prescribed to kids

A

adolescents with very severe obesity or severe obesity with comorbidities

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24
Q

a nonsens mutation is a

A

premature stop codon

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25
mutated codon codes for a different amino acid
missense
26
what is a silent mutation
mutated codon codes for the same amino acid
27
frameshift mutations can be
addition or deletion
28
in autosomal dominant how many copies off. disease allele are needed for individual to be susceptible to expressing the phenotype
1
29
are males or females more severely affected by x linked dominant
males
30
what only detects chromosome imbalance
array- cgh
31
what Allows you to look for sub-microscopic deletions or duplications of chromosome material across the whole human genome
array cgh
32
what is used for sex determination and trisomy testing
non invasive pre natal testing
33
is acgh invasive
yes
34
invasive testing sample is taken from
placenta or amniotic fluid
35
non invasive testing sample is taken from
free fetal DNA in maternal circulation
36
for invasive testing what testing can be done before 15 weeks
placenta (chorionic villus sampling)
37
what to do if parent has balanced chromosomal arrangement
invasive testing
38
when can you surgically terminate pregnancy
before 13 weeks
39
if the baby has a serious risk of abnormality in the child oro to the mother what can they do
abort it at any time
40
when can NGS be used
if an infant presents with a phenotype indicative of a genetic disorder
41
what is used as a first test for acutely unwell children with a likely monogenic disorder
NGS
42
use acth for --- and use nags for ---
chromosomal imbalance , smaller mutations
43
is an adult assumed competent
yes
44
-all people aged ----+ are presumed by law to have the capacity to consent according to the Age of Legal Capacity Act
16
45
if under 16 and seems to capable of understanding can you take consent from them
yes
46
when can you treat people without their consent
if treatment is necessary to save life or to prevent serious deterioration
47
what is a useful toolkit to differentiate between normal and sexual abuse concerns
brook traffic light tool
48
what is the first stage in child protection assessment following a referral
inter- agency referral discussion
49
all preg mothers should have had what vaccine
tetanus
50
do steroids help for preterm labour
yes they help reduce neonatal mortality
51
what are passive immunity
artificial human IgG and natural transplacental transfer
52
what is active immunity
protection that is produced by an individuals own immune system via B and T cells
53
is active immunity short or long lasting
usually long lasting
54
how is passive immunity passed
mother to unborn baby via placenta
55
how long does passive immunity last for
up to 1 year
56
what is artificial passive immunity
from another person or animal
57
live attenuated vaccines
polio, MMR, rotavirus
58
examples of inactivated vaccines
pertussis and typhoid, diphtheria
59
when should you not give live vaccines
pregnancy and if immunosuppressed eg under radiotehrapy or on high dose of steroids or other drugs or got HIV, egg allergy, latex allergy acute or evolving illness
60
the proportion of people needed to be vaccinated for herd immunity is based on
transmissibility and infectiousness of organism and social mixing in population
61
phase 2 of vaccine development involves
side effects, dosage, compares with other vaccines
62
when do kids get the mmr vaccine
12 months
63
what vaccines for children in at risk groups should get
flu, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, BCG and Hep B
64
who should get the flu vaccine
65+, at risk groups, pregnant woman
65
pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be given in adult from what age
65
66
should you wait for lab results before reporting notifiable disease
no

YEAR 2 Notion (5 decks)

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