Anatomy Flashcards
kidney function
filter and excrete waste products from the blood
where does the right kidney lie
L1-L3
where does the left kidney lie
T12-L2
kidneys lie anterior to
quadrates lumborum
kidneys lie later to
posts major
what ribs are near the kidney
11 and 12
the kidneys move in what direction on inspiration
inferiorly
fat all the way round kidney
perirenal
each renal papilla is associated with
a minor calyx
the renal artery is more …. than the vein
posterior
what does the distal convoluted tubule control
acid base and water balance
where does aldosterone cause na to be reabsorbed
distal convoluted tubule
urinary tract lined by
transitional epithelium
junction between kidney and ureter
pelviureteric
what is the opening of the bladder called
ureteric orifice
what always causes bilateral kidneys problems
obstruction of the urethra
lymph from kidneys drains to
lumbar nodes
lymph from ureters drains to
lumbar and iliac does
sympathetic innervation of kidneys
T10-L2
parasympathetic innervation to kidneys is via
vagus
when do the ureters turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder
ischial spine
in males the utter lies inferiorly to what
vas deferens
what tube goes into uterus and what goes out
in - uterine tube
out- round ligament of the uterus
pouch in males
rectovesivle
ureter artery and venous drainage
internal iliac artery and vein
urethra near the end transitions to what epithelium
stratified squamous
innervation of urethra
S2-4
in the scrotum the testes sit within a sac called
tunica vaginalsi
spermatic hord cosnists fo
testicualr artery, vein, vas deferens
blood supply to testes
testicualr arteries
right testicualr vein drains into
Ivc
left testicular vein drains into
left renal vein
arteries from the penis arise from
internal pudendal artery
blood supply to the scrotum
internal pudendal and branches from the external iliac
where does lymph from most of the penis and scrotum drain to
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
lymph from test drains to
lumbar nodes
inferior aspect of what in males is in contact with elevator ani muscle
prostate
parasympathetic nerve fibres for kidneys are ureters are within what and what for bladder
kidneys and ureters - vagus
bladder- pelvic splanchnic nerves
optic canal contains
optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
what is the bigger hole within the eye
superior orbital fissure
orbicularis oris is supplied by what
facial nerve
what muscle closes the eyelids
orbicualris oris
what is deep to orbicualris oris
tarsal plates
meibomian gland lies within the
tarsal plates
what does the meibomian gland secrete
oily substance that slows evaporation of tears
what does the orbital septum prevent
spread of infection
what elevates the upper eyelid
lavatory palpebral superioris
lacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid as a result of what innervation
PARASYMPATHETIC - facial
fluid drains into
lacrimal puncta
where do all the rectus muscles originate
common tendinous ring
where do all the rectus muscles insert
onto sclera
superior oblique originales forme where
sphenoid bone
inferior oblique origiantes from where
orbital plate of maxilla
levator palpebrae superioris contaisn smooth muscle fibres known as
mueller muscle
what is mueller muscle innovated by
sympathetic - via the LPS which ice innervated by oculomotor
what muscle do not have a sencoday movement
medial and lateral rectus
superior and inferior oblique also look
medially
superior and inferior rectus also look
laterally
what forms the deepest part of the eyelid
conjunctiva
what adjusts in size in response to light
iris
what adapts the shape of the lens and produces aqueous humour
ciliary body
what is the light detecting component of the eye
retina
where are there no photorecpros forming the optic disc
hence blind spot
optic disc is formed by ganglion cells that form the
optic nerve
where is the greater density of cones
macula
what is responsible for high acuity vision
fovea
where contains location for floaters
posterior chamber
where is aqueous reabsorbed
scleral venous sinus ( canal of schlemn)
where doe the eyeball receive most of blood supply
ophthalmic artery, a branch of the internal carotid
what is an end artery that supplies the internal surface of the retina
central artery of the retina
what sinus are near the pituitary gland
cavernous
venous drainage fo eyeball;s
superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain from the eyeball into the
cavernous sinus
what is the only vein that drains the retina
central vein of the retina
sympathetic chain exits spinal chord at
T1- L2
what carries parasympathetic to handgut, pelvis and perineum
sacral spinal nerves
parasympathetic innervation of eye is via
oculomotor nerve
levator palpeerde superior supplied by what nerve
oculomotor
what constricts the pupil
sphincter pupillae
pupillary light reflex afferent is via
optic and efferent is via oculomotor
in near vision what contracts and what relaxes
ciliary muscle contracts and ligaments relaxes
lens becomes what shape in near vision
spherical
afferent and efferent for tears
afferent - v1
efferent - facial
stabilises gaze on an object during head movement
vestibulo - ocular reflex
reflex bradycardia in response to tension of extraoocular muscles
oculocardiac reflex
what is the protective covering of the brain and spinal chord
meninges
dura matter is supplied by
trigemnianl
what encloses dural venous sinuses
dura mater
what contains circulating CSF and blood vessels
subarachnoid space
where can you access subarachnoid space for lumbar puncture
L3/4 or L4/5
subarachnoid space ends at what level
S2
what adheres to brain
pia
what connects lateral ventricles to third ventricle
intraventricualr foramina
what does the pituitary gland secrete
hormones
thalamus and hypothalamus forms central core of
cerebrum
under thalamus/ hypothalamus
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
(All of which comprise the brainstem)
what suspends the pituitary
infundibulum
sella turcia is within what bone
sphenoid